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动词不定式宾语补足语是什么意思
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
复合宾语 是由宾语和宾语补足语两部分组成。宾语补足语是表示宾语所代表的人或物所做的动作,或者和宾语有表语关系,表示状态、特性、身份等。复合宾语中的宾语和宾语补足语主要有下面几种类型:
1.名词(或代词)+不定式,例:
The teacher wants us all to become good pupils.老师希望我们成为好学生。
I didn't expect you to arrive here so soon.我没有料到你会来得这么快。
注意:谓语动词如果是使役动词make,let,have或表示
感觉的动词see,hear,watch,notice,feel,look at,listen to等,后面复合结构中的不定式不带to,例:They made the boy go to bed early.他们让那孩子早睡。
I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.我没听见人谈过这事。
但如果这类句子变为被动结构,to就要保留,例:They were made to work day and night.让他们日夜干活。
2.名词(代词)+分词,例:
we saw the boy hit by his dad.我们看见那个孩子被他爸爸打了。
I won’t have you shouting at me that way.我不容许你这样对我喊叫。
注意:在一些感觉动词后面既可用现在分词,又可用不定式构成复合宾语,但两者有差别。用现在分词表示的动作和谓语同时发生,用不定式表示的动作已结束了,例:He saw the girl singing.他看见这个女孩正在唱歌。
He saw the girl sing.他看见过这个女孩唱过歌。
3.名词(或代词)+名词
用名词作宾语补足语通常表明身份、职位等,例:They selected Li Ming leader of the group.他们选李明为小组长。(此时leader of the group表示职位不加冠词)
He always consided her his real friend.她一直把她认作真正的朋友。
4.名词性从句+形容词
复合宾语中的宾语也可由that引起的从句来充当。此时, 宾语从句常被移到句尾,前面用it来代替,例:
We all feel it sorry that the boy can’t pass the maths exam.这个男孩数学考试不及格,我们都很遗憾。
5.名词(或代词)+形容词,例:
I can’t drink it hot.这东西热得我不能喝。
The party made him happy.这次聚会使他高兴。
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别
动名词不能做宾补
现在分词可以
现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别:
* 动词不定式作宾语和分词作宾语的区别:
⑴ 不定式作宾补—— 表示动作全过程已经结束。
⑵ 分词作宾补—— 表示动作的一部分正在进行。
I saw him playing football in thesports ground . 我看见他正在操场上踢球。
I saw him play football in thesports ground . 我看见他在操场上踢球了。
分词做宾补:
(1)现在分词作宾补 —— 表示宾语的主动。
⑵ 过去分词作宾补 —— 表示宾语的被动。
能搭配宾补的动词有:
see 、 hear 、notice 、 feel 、smell 、observe、 watch 、 listen to 、look at 、find 、send、 imagine 、 catch 、set 、 have 、 make 、get 、start、 leave 、 keep …
We heard the girl singing in theroom . 我们听见这个小女孩正在房间里唱歌。
He heard his name called .他听见有人叫他的名字。
I found the city greatly changed . 我发现这座城市变化很大。
She saw the thief caught bypolicemen . 她看见那个小偷被将查抓住了。
The joke set them all laughing . 这个笑话使他们大笑。
The teacher often caught him dozingoff in class . 老师经常抓到他上课打瞌睡。
I had my hair cut yesterday . 昨天我理发了。
I saw her walking across the road .我看见她正在过马路。
不定式做宾补:
作宾补 —— 有些动词可以用动词不定式作宾语补语。这类动词有:consider think believe know guess declare prove order allow tell imagine
suppose find expect …
It’s no use ordering me to restwhen the wounded are waiting .
在有伤员们等我救治的时候,命令我休息是没有用的。
He didn’t allow the ships to leavethe wharf . 他不准船只离开码头。
The teacher has told us not to lookat the books first . 老师叫我们不要先看书。
They considered him to be the bestman for the job . 他们认为他是最合适做这个工作的人。
We think him to be an able leader .我们认为他是个有才干的领导人。
I’ve never known him to be so busy. 我从来不知道他竟这么忙。
* 要求跟不定式作宾补的动词
① 劝教命请叫 ( advise teach order command ask tell )
② 允许又警告 ( allow permit warn )
③ 使役表意向 ( cause let have make lead set leave get wish want expect )
④ 知觉动词妙 ( feel hear watch see observe notice )
* 可跟省略to 的不定式作宾补的动词有
一感 feel
二听 hear listen to
三让 let have make
四看 see watch notice look at
半帮助 help to do / helpdo
若是宾补变主补,to字请回府。
动词不定式作宾语补足语和状语的区别
动词不定式作宾语补足语.
能用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
ask
,
tell
,
get
,
order
,
would
like
,
want
,
teach
,
show
,
allow
,
encourage
,
warn
,
wish
,
invite
,help等.
动词不定式作状语:
即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,仅对谓语动词起一个补充说明的作用.如果没有它,句子仍然意思完整,它不象作宾语那样,与谓语动词有着密切的关系.(1)表示目的:
The
doctor
came
to
operate
on
her.
He
has
gone
to
town
to
do
some
shopping.
I
sat
down
to
have
a
rest.
He
stopped
to
have
a
look.
He
rushed
into
the
room
to
save
the
girl.
The
moved
away
the
stone
to
let
the
traffic
go.
He
got
up
to
catch
the
train.
(2)表示结果:
The
girl
cried
only
to
make
her
mother
angry.
(3)表示程度:
She
is
too
tired
to
walk
any
farther.
She
is
strong
enough
to
carry
the
heavy
box.
(4)表示原因:
I
was
surprised
to
read
the
news.
能带不定式作状语的形容词有:
glad
,
happy
,
pleased
,
angry
,
clever
,
careful
,
surprised
,
lucky
,ready
,sorry,
amazed
,
afraid
,sad
,
unhappy
,
sure
,
free
,kind,
nice
,
worried
,
easy
,
hard
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