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英语句子中最基本的成分是主语和谓语
你好!我来回答你的问题:
主语是由名词,‘人’、‘物’或代词担任,像this、that。主语是动作的执行者。
谓语主要是用动词来表示的。动词可分及物和不及物,前者有其动作的对象如 ‘ i study english', english 就是宾语。又如 ’i go to school everyday. go 是不及物动词,因为它不可能带宾语,everyday作为副词作时间状语。谓语还可以是系动词加表语构成如:i'am student, am作为系动词和名词student作表语共同构成谓语。become, sound和appear都属于系动词。状语可分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果和让步状语等等,它们可由单个副词,也可由介词短语,不定式,分词短语构成。副词本身是修饰动词的如:i study hard. 这个副词是以方式修饰动词,所以叫方式状语。
修饰主语的从句就是主语从句如:the man who is talking with my sister is her boy friend.
这句话的主句是the man is her boy friend. 为了表示清楚何许人也才加上who is talking with my sister,即所谓主语从句。
修饰宾语的从句就是宾语从句如:he even learns chinese that is very difficult for foreigners. 主句的宾语是chinese,关系代词that代表chinese,引导了宾语从句并修饰chinese这个主句的宾语,所以叫做宾语从句。
再举一个状语从句的例子:she studies english in the school where i graduated from in 2009. 主句中的in the school是地点状语,为了进一步说明这所学校,用关系副词where引导了这个状语从句。
不明白主语从句里面作成分那些 解释下连接词在句中做了什么成分
1.主语从句的语序
主语从句要求使用陈述句语序,而非一般疑问句语序.如:
What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了.
How he was successful is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是个谜.
2.连接词的选用
(1)that和what的选用
that和what都可引导主语从句.what除起连接作用外,还在名词性从句中充当某些成分,可作从句的主语、宾语或表语.而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,无词义,只起连接词作用.如:
What he wants is a book.
他想要的是一本书.
That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
众所周知,光线沿直线运行.
(2)if和whether的选用
引导主语从句,不能用if,只能用whether.如:
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定.
(3)其它连接代词和副词的选用
根据主语从句的具体意义,正确的选择who,which,when,where,why,how等连接词,这些连接词既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分.如:
When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.
我们何时举行运动会还没有决定.
Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.
还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃.
Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference.
你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别.
(4)whatever / whoever的功用
whatever,whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义.它引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等.whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who.要注意和whatever,whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别.如:
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(主语从句)(=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.)
Whoever breaks the law,he should be punished.(让步状语从句)(=No matter who breaks the law,he should be punished.)
3.it构成的主语从句
(1)由连词that引导的主语从句,在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面,而用代词it作形式主语.如:
It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.
众所周知,地球围绕太阳转.
需要注意的是,it作形式主语代替主语从句时,要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别.试比较:
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.(主语从句,有that,无逗号)
As was reported,the US was under the terrorist attack.
(定语从句,无that,有逗号)
上两句意为“据报道,美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击”.
(2)常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构
It is a fact (a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news…)that…如:
It’s a pity that you missed the film.
你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了.
It is necessary (clear / true / strange/ important /wonderful / possible / likely…)that…
需要注意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为“(should)+动词原形”,即要用虚拟语气.如:
It is necessary that you (should)master the computer.
你很有必要掌握电脑.
It is important that a student learn English well.
学生学好英语很重要.
It’s clear that they badly need help.
很明显,他们急需援助.
It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.
飓风很可能马上就要到达了.
It is reported (well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered…)that…如:
It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.据说他在地震中丧生了.
It seems (happened / appears / doesn’t matter / makes no difference / …)that …如:
It seems that they will win the game.
看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛.
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
他是否会参加会议都无关紧要.
摘自 考试报
英语中怎么区分主语谓语宾语
1
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分.英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等.
顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定.
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当.
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视.
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征.
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成.
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气.
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习.
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语.
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态.一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当.
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士.
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等.
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语.
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语.
Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水.
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语.如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长.
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语.
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等.形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面.
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生.
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后.
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的.
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语.用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等.状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾.副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首.
HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦.
从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构.虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的, 但是它不能视为独立的句子,因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思.按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组.例如: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at movies as well . (状语从句)许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话,所以他们认为在电影院也可以如此. 2) Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference to me . (主语从句) 他来与不来对我都一样. 3)There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured(宾语从句)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧. 4) China is not what it used to be . (表语从句)中国不是它过去的样子了. 5) Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ? (同位语从句)有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品? 6) Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government . (定语从句) 税款是人们支持政府而交的钱. 如果将上面的复合句中所有的从句都独立出来,那将是这样的: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on 2) Whether he comes or not 3) what money is and how money is measured 4) what it used to be 5) that the food of plant differs from that of animals 6) that people pay to support their government 我们很容易看出,上面的所有这些句子既不是陈述句、疑问句,也不是祁使句,更不是感叹句.也就是说,它们不是独立的句子;也只有在附属于主句后才能获得意义如下:1)因为许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话 2)他来与不来 3)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币 4)它过去的样子5)植物性食品不同于动物性食品6)人们支持政府而交的上面的这些句子在我们中文里如同是人们常说的"半截话";在英文中也就是个"词或词组"了. B. 我们虽然说过,从句自身的句子结构基本是完整的,但是它不同于"独立句子"的是--每个从句的最前面都好象"戴了顶帽子"即:从属关系词.由此可以看出,从句的另一个特点是:从属关系词总是立于从句之首. C. 从句的再一个特点是:一般说来(除少数倒装的情况外),从句中的语序应该是正常语序. D. 关于从句种类的划分有两种方法:按从句的词性划分和按从句的句子功能划分.如果按从句的词性划分,从句可分为三种:名词从句、形容词从句和副词从句.如果按从句的句子功能划分(也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分),从句可分为:主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句.其实,这两种划分从句的方法在逻辑上是一致的.我们知道,能在句子里充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语的往往是名词、代词等,所以名词从句涵盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.形容词和副词常分别在句中担当定语和状语,所以,形容词从句和副词从句其实分别是定语从句和状语从句. 名词从句名词从句在句中是一个相当于名词的主谓结构.我们在前面说过,名词从句含盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.连接这些从句与主句的关系词主要有三类: 1.从属连词:that(无有词义) , whether(是否) ,if (是否) 2.关系代词:who(谁,主格) , whom(谁,宾格),whose谁的,所有格) , what(什么),which(哪个,哪些) 3.关系副词:when(什么时候) where(什么地方)why(为什么) , how(怎样) 名词从句中的从属连词在从句里不担任任何成分,只起连接的作用;而关系代词和关系副词不仅仅是起连接的作用,而且还在从句里担任一定的成分;关系代词常在从句中担任主语、宾语或表语等成分;关系副词常在从句中担任状语.另外,在使用上面的这些关系词时,有几个问题值得我们注意:首先,只能用whether而不能用if的情况. 1)引导主语从句,例如: Whether we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(正确)我们是否要为这个项目还没有定下来. OR: It has not been decided whether we'll make a loan for the project . (正确) If we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(错误) OR: It has not been decided if we'll make a loan for the project . (错误) 2)作介词的宾语,例如: I have no idea about whether I can raise the money for buying a car . (正确)我不知道我是否能为买车筹措到资金. I have no idea about if I can raise the money for buying a car . (错误) 3)后接不定式 ,例如: He didn't know whether to go all himself first or wait for her here.(正确)他不知道是他自己先去还是在这儿等她. He didn't know if to go all himself or wait for her here . (错误) 4)后接or not ,例如: We wonder whether they'll come in time or not.(正确) 我们担心他们会不会准时到. We wonder if they'll come in time or not . (错误)其次,what引导的名词从句表达的意思是"……所……的".这个"所怎么的"定义根据"从句谓语的动作意义"而定.
英语主语从句例句及分析
What
是连接代词
引导名词性从句
作主语
是主语从句
what是从句中的主语
doesn't
kill从句谓语
you
从句宾语
makes是谓语
you是宾语
stronger是宾补
这句话的what
doesn't
kill
you是作主语的
句子意思
杀不了你的东西 使你
更强壮
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