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被动语态的知识点总结
被动语态在初中英语当中涉及到的知识点有哪些单词
一、基本用法英语被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，有时也可用“get+过去分词”构成：James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
二、用法说明但总的说来，用get构成的被动语态不如用be构成的被动语态常见，尤其是在含有施动者的by短语时，用get构成被动语态更是少见。不过有时用be+过去分词构成被动语态构成误解时，人们可能会选get+过去分词来避免这种误解：The window got broken. 窗户被打破了。
三、在平常的英语交流中，尽量使用主动语态，为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：
The desk was made by Master Wang. 这张课桌是王师傅做的。
The bag was taken away by his sister. 那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。
在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。
如：I have a new motorbike. It was given to me as a birthday present by my father. 我有辆新摩托车。它是父亲送给我作为生日礼物的。
在科技论文中，常使用被动语态来强调客观事实。如：
When it is cold enough, water will be turned into ice. 当天气足够冷时，水就会变成冰。
So far, the moon has been visited by earthmen several times. 到目前为止，地球人已经几次拜访了月亮。
特点：
被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。在英语中，如果想要避免用含混不清的词（如someone）做主语，也可以用被动语态。
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
初中英语被动语态知识点总结
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。下面我为大家分享初中英语被动语态知识，欢迎大家参考借鉴。
一、被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
例：Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2) has /have been done 现在完成时
例:All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时
例:A new cinema is being built here.
4) was/were done 一般过去时
例：I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5) had been done 过去完成时
例： By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6) was/were being done 过去进行时
例：A meeting was being held when I was there.
7) shall/will be done 一般将来时
例:Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8) should/would be done 过去将来时
例：The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)
例:The project will have been completed before July.
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词+be+过去分词。
例:The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例:His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例:Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
例:Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的`动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
二、 如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
例： My bike was stolen last night.
2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例:I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
例:The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)
三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。
有：
It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。
例:It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例: This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：The door won't lock. (指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例: How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
1. 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例:The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例:The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
例:This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5. 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例:This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
例:There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。)
7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例: Who is to blame for starting the fire?
初中英语被动语态是什么时候学的
人教新目标版 初三 Unit3
标题：Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
（一）被动语态的构成
1．被动语态的基本结构：be＋动词过去分词
2．各种时态的主动被动语态结构(以动词do为例)
时态
主动语态
被动语态
例句
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/ does
am/ is/ are＋done
We clean the classroom.
The classroom is cleaned by us.
一般过去时
did
was/ were＋done
He made the kite.
The kite was made by him.
现在进行时
am/ is/are＋doing
am/ is/ are＋being done
She is watering flowers.
Flowers are being watered by her.
现在完成时
have/has＋done
have/ has＋been done
Jim has finished the work.
The work has been finished by Jim.
一般将来时
will/ shall/ be going to ＋do
will/ shall/ be going to＋be done
They will plant trees tomorrow.
Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
过去进行时
was/ were＋doing
was/ were＋being＋done
She was writing a letter this time yesterday.
A letter was being written by her this time yesterday.
过去完成时
had＋done
had＋been＋done
Jim had finished the work.
The work had been finished by Jim.
过去将来时
would/ should/ be going to＋do
would/should/ be going to＋do
He said he would made a kite.
He said a kite would be made by him.
含有情态动词
can/ may/ must＋do
can/may/must＋be＋done
I can find him.
He can be found by me.
（二）被动语态的用法
被动语态中主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况
1．不知道动作的执行者是谁.
e.g.This watch is made in China.
这块手表是在中国制造的.
2．没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁.
e.g.More trees must be planted every year.
每年必须有更多的树被种植.
3．需要强调或突出动作的承受者时.
e.g.Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
世界上越来越多的人说汉语(强调汉语的使用广泛).
4．动作的发出者不是人时.
e.g.Many houses were washed away in the flood.
很多房屋在洪水中被冲走了.
（三）主动语态和被动语态的转换
1．主动语态变被动语态：
（1）要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变主格.
（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格变宾格,并由by引导.
（3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式.
e.g.We asked him to sing an English song.
我们让他唱一首英语歌.
He was asked to sing an English song by us.
他被我们要求唱一首英语歌.
2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可接直接宾语转化成主语.若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for.
e.g.She gave me a book. (变为被动语态)→
I was given a book. (间接宾语me改为主语)
A book was given to me. (育接宾语a book改为主语)
3．短语动词变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态.注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.
e.g.We should speak to old men politely. (变为被动语态)→
Old men should be spoken to politely. (to不可省略)
4．带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语.变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语.
e.g.I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→
Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.
5．被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中在感官动词see、hear、watch、feel、notice等使役动词, 也称为感官动词,let、make、here等动词后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to.
e.g.He makes the girl stay at home.(改为被动结构)→
The girl is made to stay at home.
Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre.(改为同义句)→
They were heard to sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday.
四句话：①主语变成宾语；
②宾语变成主语；
③动词一分为二；
④时态体现在be动词上.
（四）被动语态的一些特殊的运用形式
1．主动结构表被动意义
（1）open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表被动意义.
e.g.This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
这种笔写起来很流畅.
This kind of shirt sells well here.
这种样式的衬衫在这很好卖.
（2）look、sound、taste、smell等系动词主动结构表被动意义.
e.g.Uniforms look ugly on us.
我们穿着制服很难看.
Mooncakes taste delicious.
月饼吃起来很好.
（3）be worth doing中,doing表被动意义.
e.g.This book is worth reading.
这本书值得一读.
（4）want/ need/ require＋doing相当于want/ need/ require＋to be done.to be done表不定式的被动结构.
e.g.My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.
我的自行车需要修理.
（五）不用被动语态的情况
1．主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时,不能用于被动语态.
e.g.The man introduced himself as Mr. White. (主动语态)
那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生.
Himself was introduced as Mr. White.(误)
They help each other study English. (主动语态)
他们互相帮助学习英语.
Each other is helped study English. (误)
2．当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时,不能用于被动语态.
e.g.We will have a meeting.
我们将开一个会.
3．主动语态的宾语是动词不定式或-ing形式时,不能用作被动语态的主语.
e.g.My brother enjoys watching TV
He asked to have a try.
他请求试一次.
注意：解答被动语态题目时,首先要判断主语和动作的关系,如果主语是动作的执行者,则用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态.
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