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it指代什么名词
it用作人称代词,可指人,也可指物.用来代替前面已经出现的词、词组或句子,以避免重复.例如：
it作为代词的用法
it的用法
用作人称代词：
1、指代事物：
— What’s this?
— It’s a cat.
2、指代人：常用于不知对方性别时，比如：询问敲门人或打电话时询问对方是
谁，或者用来指代婴儿。
(1)—Who’s it?
—It’s Sam.
(2)—Who’s the baby in the picture?
—It’s my younger brother.
二、用作非人称代词：指代天气、时间、季节或距离等，此时的it无意义。
(1)It’s two o’clock now.
(2)It’s very cold in spring in the northern China.
(3)It’s about 100 kilometers from our town to the big city.
三、用作替代词：it可作形式主语、形式宾语，可代替不定式、动名词或从句。
(1)It is not known where she has gone.
(2)It’s bad for your eyes reading in bed.
(3)It is clever of him to work out the math problem.
四、用于强调句，构成“It+be +被强调部分that…”结构。
如：It’s in the small shop that I bought the important book.
五、在初中英语教材中，出现了许多由it引导的固定句式，现归纳如下：
(一)It's time for sb. to do sth. / It's time for sth.意为"是(某人)该干……的时间了"、"
到……的时候了"。
例如： 1. It's time for supper ／to have supper.该吃晚饭了。
2. It's time for me to study.我该学习了。
(二)It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.意为"(某人)花……时间做某事"。
例如：
1. It takes twenty minutes to go to school by bike.
骑自行车上学要花二十分钟的时间。
2. It took me a week to finish reading the book.
我花了一周时间读完这本书。
(三)It is one's turn to do sth.意为"轮到某人做某事了"。
例如：It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天轮到你值日了。
(四)It is ／ has been ＋时间段＋since ＋一般过去时，意为"自从……以来已过
了……(时间)。"
例如：1. It is / has been four days since I caught a cold. 我感冒已四天了。
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2. It is / has been two weeks since we met last. 自从我们上次见面以来已过了两周。
(五)It seems ／seemed ＋that从句，意为"看起来好像……"。
例如：It seemed that our team was going to win. 我们队看起来好像要赢了。
(六)It's＋表语＋to do sth.。
例如：It's a good idea to go out for a walk. 出去散步是个好主意。
(七)It's ＋adj.＋that从句。
例如：It's true that I may fall behind the other students.我真可能落在别的学生后面。
(八)It's＋adj.＋of(for)sb.＋to do sth.。
对于这个句型究竟用of还是用for，主要取决于前面的形容词。
如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质等的，如 kind，good，nice，clever等用of；
如果形容词仅仅是描述行为的则用for，这类形容词常见的有difficult，easy，hard， important，dangerous等。
例如：1. It is nice of you to come to see me.你能来看我真好。
it与that指代什么区别
一、英语里 it 和that具体指代的区别：
it／that二者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物; that
则指代同名异物。
I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. （该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella）
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. （替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以区别“the umbrella you bought”）
二、其他区别：
1、 that用来指代同名异物, that为特指, 相当于the ＋名词。that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ／this ／that。
The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中that可以换成 the water）
2、that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。
Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （that代替不可数名词 handwriting）
These pictures are more beautiful than those. （those代替可数名词复数 pictures）
3、 that只能代替事物而不能代替人。
That on the table is mine.
4、 it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等, 充当形式主语或形式宾语。that无此用法。
It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.
I found it hard to get on with her.
5、 it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容。
He has saved my life; I'll never forget it. （it代替第一分句）
Tom is painting his house. I am told he does it every four years. （it代替前面分句的部分内容painting his house）
Let's say we meet here at three o'clock. That ought to give you time to buy everything. （That代替前面表述的内容）
it 可以指代上文的一句话吗
it的用法（Use of It）较为复杂，现归纳如下：
1) 作人称代词（Personal Pronoun)。可指代事物、动物、婴儿，以及未知的人或事。it用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身，可指单数可数名词或不可数名词。例如：
“Where is the dog?” “It’s in the garden.” “狗在哪儿？” “在花园里。”
Look at the poor little baby. It is crying again. 看这可怜的娃娃。它又哭了。
“Who is that?” “It’s my friend.” “那是谁？” “是我的朋友。”
You have saved my life. I will never forget it. 你救了我的命。我绝不会忘记这件事。
2) 作非人称代词（Impersonal Pronoun)。用于引出非人称句，表示天气、时间和距离等。例如：
It’s cloudy/cold today.今天多 冷? /很冷。
It’s half past nine.现在是九点半。
It’s a long way to the railway station.这儿距离火车站很远。
3) 作形式代词（Form Pronoun)。在某些结构中代替充当主语和宾语的不定式短语、动名词短语或从句等。例如：
It is very important to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语很重要。（代替不定式作主语）
It is no use teaming these figures by heart. 记住这些数字没有用。（代替动名词作主语）
It is quite right that you did that. 你做那件事是对的。（代替主语从句）
I consider itmy duty to help you. 我认为帮助你是我的责任。（代替不定式作宾语）
They took itfor granted that I would go to their party. 他们满以为我会参加他们的晚会。（代替宾语从句）
4) 作为引导词（Emphatic it)。用于引导强调句，对句中某个成分表示强调（参见十四讲名词从句14.2〔注〕）例如：
It was his father that made him a lawyer. 是他父亲使他成了一名律师。
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