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海洋污染的英语作文
Sea pollution
Between 75 and 80% of marine pollution is caused by land, particularly agriculture. 30% of this is from the atmosphere. Around 12% of the pollution is caused by maritime transport. In South America, 98% of domestic wastewater ends up, untreated, in the sea. The countries along the Mediterranean Sea throw 50 million tons of waste into it every year and the Chinese throw 60 million tons of waste into the Yellow sea daily. Over half of the hydrocarbon discharge comes from continents, 5% comes from oil tanker accidents, 20% comes from waste and other ship-related accidents, 4% from sea exploitation and 11 to 15% is due to natural causes. Accidental pollution through hydrocarbon is significantly decreasing and only represents a small percentage of waste through degassing estimated at between 1.5 and 3 million tons of oil a year. In 2003, according to the WWF, between 0.7 and 1.3 million tons of oil were spread by degassing in the Mediterranean. According to the Ifremer (the French Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), coastal water pollution cost the world economy almost 12.8 billion dollars in 2006.
Marine pollution is the result of products being thrown into seas and oceans, mostly by mankind: domestic waste (sewage and rubbish, pollutants in runoff water...), industrial waste (hydrocarbons, metals, synthetic chemical and organic substances, radionuclides...) and agricultural waste (fertilisers, pesticides...). This includes water pollution and marine sediments, and more generally all damage to marine ecosystems caused by harmful substances being discharged into the sea, either by their nature or their quantity.
Fragile coastal areas
Most of the pollution comes from continents and is carried by rivers and winds. It is concentrated in coastal waters which provide water for 99% of total fish production. In fact, only a small amount of industrial pollution on the high seas is the result of accidents or malice: shipwrecks, deballasting, degassing and oil spills which are spectacular and disastrous when they reach the coast. Plastic bags make up about 60% of the visible mass of waste polluting the sea and cause the death of a million birds, 100.000 marine mammals and an innumerable number of fish.
All coasts are more or less affected by pollution. The European coasts from the north to the south, the Atlantic coasts of the North-American continent and the Caribbean, the Pacific coasts from Mexico to Panama and Los Angeles to Vancouver, the seas of China from the north to the south of Japan, of Java, the oriental coasts of the Indian continent, the South-African coast between the Cape and Maputo as well as the banks of the Black sea and the Caspian sea are the most affected.
Situation of seas surrounded by land
- Mediterranean Sea: 30% of the world maritime trade and 20 to 25% of international oil transport, 156 accidents followed by hydrocarbon discharges between 1977 and 2000, three significant oil spills: Irenes Serenade in Greece and Captain Marcos in Algeria in 1980 and Haven in Italy in 1991; thousands of tons of toxic waste poured directly into the sea by the industry, 60 % of urban wastewater poured into the sea without any prior treatment.
- Baltic Sea: benthic fauna practically decimated on half of the central Baltic's seabed (100.000 km2); this is due to land-based pollution (56% nitrogenous content, the remaining 44% coming from the atmosphere); 98% of pollution by hydrocarbons from oil from the continent.
-- Caspian Sea: 140 million tons of pollutants poured into the sea every year, 65% from heavy industry wastewater, 44 mg of pesticides per litre (on average) in the northern part, especially that of the Volga delta, compared to the 7mg/l of the Sea of Azov deemed an environmental disaster zone by the Ministry of natural resources of the Russian Federation.
- Black Sea, polluted by the Dniestr, the Dniepr, the Danube and the Don, in a very critical state: eutrophication, important and increasing animal mortality rate over the last three decades , 80% drop in fishing yields, only 6 species of fish that can still be fished out of the 26 which could previously be commonly marketed in this basin.
Effects on the marine environment
Pollution can be physical, chemical or biological. Pollutants can be natural substances (organic and mineral matter), synthetic degradable or non-degradable substances (plastics, pesticides). They can be toxic or not with varying endurance.
Their consequences are much more serious close to coasts than out at sea.
Living resources are destroyed or become unfit for consumption. The deterioration of water quality can lead to intoxications and illnesses and have an impact on the economy by preventing fishing, leisure activities or water being used for industrial purposes. The disappearance of sensitive species and the proliferation of more adapted species threaten ecosystems. Pesticide pollution in South Carolina caused half the disappearance of fish. The 10 billion tons of ballast water poured into the sea every year from one end of the globe to the other introduce species which colonise the environment at the expense of indigenous species. Toxic substances are stored in the fatty tissue of fish, marine mammals and piscivorous birds.
In humans, polychlorinated biphenyl plays a part in causing breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and colon cancer. It can cause delays in neurological development and growth. Persistent organic pollutants are concentrated in shells and other filters and they can cause typhoid, hepatitis and other illnesses if they are ingested.
本文属于科普文章，也就是综述性文章，不适合发表。仅供参考，有什么问题再商量。
祝好！
关于海洋污染的英语作文
未来的海洋
知道你们来自2009年的今天，让我做一回导游，带你们畅游2030年的"海洋"，相信你们一定会有收获。 众所周知，海洋占地球的十分之七，2009年海洋污染十分严重，但在2030年，由于科学技术发达，"去污机器人"成为海洋污染的克星，所以，这时的海洋不存在污染问题。 现在，我带你们先到"多功能接待室"，坐上"海洋地点变化器"，它一下子就把我们送到了海洋世界。 今天的海洋，也是人类的家园，全世界百分之五十的人在海洋生活，你一定觉得十分好奇，人在海洋里怎么生存?其实嘛，海洋世界里有一座"氧气控制室"，氧气从这里制作出来，再通过"氧气筒"传送到海洋每一个角落，人们吸进新鲜的氧气，排出二氧化碳，再由"氧气控制室"接收，又制造出氧气……如此循环。 海底的鱼更是奇特，自从海水成为淡水之后，鱼儿就学会了人话，还会与人交谈呢，可有趣了！你们到了一大群鱼的面前，鱼儿就说："Good morning！"鱼也会说英语，真是令人不敢相信。 听我介绍完，你们就到住宅区。虽然你们眼前看到的是一片荒芜，但是人们都生活在这里。海底的人与陆地人不相同，他们伙食简单，一颗"简食丹"就可过一百天，因而他们十分悠闲。住的呢？以四"海"为家，想到哪里睡就到哪里睡，无忧无虑。 接着，你们参观皇宫、公园……一定感到很宏伟、壮丽吧！ 也许你们会担心，那么多人生活在海底，环境会不会出现问题呢？不会的。海底实现了无工厂化，但又有生产量。而且决不比陆地的生产量差，这是因为我们把陆地上排下来的垃圾、污水、通过"去污机器人""传给""制作机器人"进行加工，做出各种可用的东西…… 奇特、美妙的海洋世界参观完了，如何？相信你们一定会感到科学的力量是那样的神奇。
Future marine
Know you today from the 2009, let me do a return tour, you tour in 2030 with the "Ocean", I think you must be harvested. As we all know, oceans of the Earth's seven tenths, very serious marine pollution in 2009, but in 2030, due to advanced science and technology, "decontamination robot" has become the bane of marine pollution, so, when there is no pollution in the ocean. Now, I take you first "multi-functional reception", and replace "changes in the marine location device", it all took us off to another world. Today's oceans, is home to human beings, 50 percent of people worldwide live in the ocean, you will find it very curious about how to survive in the ocean? Fact Well, Sea World, where there is an "oxygen control room," Oxygen produced from here, through the "oxygen cylinder" sent to every corner of Ocean, people breathing in fresh oxygen, emit carbon dioxide, and then by the "oxygen control room" to receive, but also to create such a cycle of oxygen ... .... Harbour fish is strange, since the sea water into fresh water, the fish learned human language, but also to talk with people it can be fun! You to the front of a large group of fish, fish said: "Good morning!" Fish will speak English, I am really not believe it. Listen to my introduction to you on the residential areas. Although before you see is a blank, but people live here. The sea and land were not the same person, they food is simple, a "simple food Dan" can be over 100 days, so they are very relaxed. Live it? To four "sea" as their home, think of where to sleep on where to sleep, carefree. Then, you visit the Royal Palace, Park ... ... must have felt very grand, magnificent it! Perhaps you worry about, so many people living in the seabed, the environment will not occur the problem? Not. Harbour achieved without factory, but there are production. And no worse than the production of the land, because we row down the waste land, water, through the "decontamination robot" "pass" "make the robot" for processing, making available all kinds of things ... ... strange, wonderful sea world tour finished, how? I am sure you will feel the power of science is so magical.
关于海洋污染的英语作文带翻译
Environmental Protection
Nowadays, the issue of environmental protection is becoming more important in society. We need to be more aware of the dangers of pollutions on earth as well as on our health. Although we're becoming more technologically advanced, our health is also taking it's toll. This is evident because we see more and more people wearing sunscreen because of the thinning of the ozone layer. Overall, a simple step in protecting our health and the environment is to recycle.
英语作文
Marine pollution usually refers to the human change the original state of the sea, the marine ecosystem has been damaged. Harmful substances into the marine environment caused by pollution, will damage thebiological resources, harm to human health, prevent fishing and other humanactivities in the sea, sea water quality and environmental quality damage.
So long is the most stable ecosystem on earth. Various. Various substances from the land into the sea by marine acceptance, but the ocean itselfhad no significant change. However, in recent years, with the development ofindustry, marine pollution is becoming worse, the local marine environment has changed greatly, and continue to expand the trend. 望采纳哦
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