本文目录
不定式to do的用法总结
1. 不定式的用法：
(1)作主语。不定式短语作主语时，为了使句子结构平衡，常将不定式短语放在谓语之后，而用it作形式主语。
It is our duty to give as much help as possible. 提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。
但不定式作表语时，前面有不定式作主语，不定式不可位于句末。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
(2)作宾语。常见的只跟不定式作宾语的动词(组)有want, wish, hope, expect, would like (love),care, choose, learn, plan, prepare, mean, agree, promise, offer, refuse, ask, beg, decide, make up one’s mind, be determined, manage, try, can’t afford, fail, pretend等。
①He promised to come today, but he hasn’t turned up yet .
他许诺说今天来，但他到现在还没有出现。
②No one likes to be laughed at. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。
有形容词、分词、名词作宾补，不定式作宾语时要将不定式放于句末，用it 来作形式宾语。如：
You may find it necessary to finish the work ahead of time.
你会发现有必要提前完成工作。
(3)作宾语补足语。常见的跟不定式作宾补的动词有ask, order, advise, like, want, teach, force, forbid, beg, allow, expect, cause, invite, tell, know, call on, depend on, wait for等。
The children asked their parents to take them to the park.。
孩子们要求父母带他们去公园。
感官动词后，如 see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel及部分表示“使”、“让”的使役动词，如have, make, let 跟不定式作宾补时要省略不定式符号to。但在被动语态中to 要加上。
Though he had often made his sister cry, today he was made to cry by his sister.
尽管他总是弄哭他妹妹，今天却被妹妹弄哭了。
help后的不定式作宾补(包括作宾语)to 可有可无。
(4)作表语。
My job is to help the patient. 我的工作是帮助病人。
要注意不定式作表语与“be to do”结构的不同：
不定式作表语说明主语的性质或内容，而“be to do”结构表示安排要做的事情。
①My next plan is to draw a picture for the house.(不定式作表语)
我下一个计划是为这座房子画一幅图。
②We are to meet at the school gate at six .(be to do表示安排)
我们约好六点在学校门口见面。
(5)作定语
①表示将来的动作。
The meeting to be held next week will be of great importance.。
下周将要举行的会议极为重要。
② 用在固定搭配中。
I will go to Shanghai tomorrow. Have you anything to be sent to your son?
我明天要去上海，你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？
(send的动作发出者并非you,因此不定式用被动语态)
注意：作定语的不定式如果与其前面所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，然而动词又为不及物动词，动词后要加介词或副词，使其成为及物动词词组。
Will you find me a pen to write with? 你能给我找一支写字的笔吗?
不定式所修饰的词是time, place, way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。
Do you think it is the best way to deal with such a problem?
你认为这是解决问题的最好方式吗？
(6) 作状语。表示目的、原因、结果。
①They ran over to welcome the guests. 他们跑过去欢迎客人。(目的)
②The child is too young to go to school. 孩子太小不能去上学。(结果)
③We were excited to hear the news. 听到这个消息我们激动了。(原因)
2、不定式的时态
不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式形式，既有主动语态又有被动语态两种语态。形成to do, to be done, to be doing，to have done, to have been done形式。
(1)不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时) 发生，或是在它之后发生。
I’m sorry to tell you that you are wrong this time.
我很遗憾告诉你这次是你错了。
(2)如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行， 这时不定式就要用进行式。
I am very glad to be talking with you. 我很高兴与你交谈。
(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 对不起，让你久等了。
注意：不定式的时态一般只能发生在做宾语时。只有在做宾语时，不定式不一定表现为动作未发生，因为此时用不用不定式是由谓语动词决定的，所以才会出现to be doing，to have done这种不合逻辑的现象。（因为to do 表示未发生，have done又表示做过，to have done不合逻辑）
3、不定式的语态
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时， 不定式一般要用被动语态。
He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他要求去农村工作。
注意：含有不定式的句子中，能够在句中找不定式动词现成的逻辑上的主谓宾，用主动形式表被动意义。否则，用不定式的被动形式。
句子中有系表结构的，或在句子中可以插入省略掉的（for sb.）形成逻辑上的主谓宾的，用主动形式表被动意义。
例：
It is an honour to be invited to the party.
He gave me some books to read.
The book is easy (for me) to read.
4、疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如：
When to start has not been decided．何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I don’t know what to do．我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river．困难在于如何过河。(表语)
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（双重宾语）
（注）
A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如：
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式：
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.
动词不定式todo详细用法
这是非谓语动词的一部分。所谓动词不定式只有to+动词原形结构的，动词不定式可以再一句话中充当很多成分如：主语，表语，定语，宾语，宾语补足语，状语等等，举个例子吧：主：to learn english is very important，这个我们经常说成it is very important to learn english it是形式主语，表语：to love is to take care of the other，宾语：i want to play computer games；定语：i have nothing to do：宾补：it makes me feel tired 这个我要解释一下，使役动词，感官动词后的动词不定式要省略to 这句话 feel tired 是宾语补足语 也就是动词不定式，就是没有了to
懂了没 希望你学习成绩步步高
不定式表示什么含义
Ⅰ动词不定式：
动词不定式的时态和语态
1)构成：(以动词“do”为例)
主动态：一般式"to do"；完成式"to have done"；进行式"to be doing"；完成进行式“to have been doing”
被动态：一般式"to be done"；完成式“ to have been done"
否定式：not+不定式
2)不定式的时态：
①不定式的一般式表示的动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或之后发生.
He seems to know her address．(：=It seems that he knows her address．)
I hope to see you again．(=I hope that I’11 see you again．)
②不定式的进行体表示的动作正在进行,与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生.其用法主要有以下几种情况：
a 常用在"appear,happen,pretend,seem,hope,promise"之后.
She pretended to be listening attentively．
Tom appeared to be living in this area．
I hope to be earning my living in a year’s time．(I hope 1 will／would be earning my living)
I promised to be waiting at the door when he came out．b 常用在"believe,consider,suppose,think,know,report,say,understand"等动词的被动式之后.
[注]“be supposed to”通常含有“应该”意思,表示一定的责任和义务.
You are supposed to know how to use a computer=You should know how to use a computer．
Students are not supposed to cook in their dormitory=Students shouldn’t cook in their dormitory．
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3)不定式的完成体：
①用于表达发生在主句谓语动词之前的动作或状态,也可以表达预计在将来某一时刻之前完成的动作或状态.
I am sorry to have given you so much trouble．(=I am sorry that I have given you so much trouble．)
C p&n EI)I.OWe’re leaving at five o’clock in the morning,and hope to have done most of the journey by lunchtime．
②不定式完成进行体主要用于“appear,seem,happen,pretend"等之后,也可用于"believe,know,report,say,understand"等动词的被动式之后.
He appears to have been waiting for a long time．
He is believed to have been waiting for a message．
[注]不定式的完成进行体与不定式的完成体略有不同,试比较：
He seems to have eaten the apples．(苹果已被吃光.)
He seems to have been eating the apples．(苹果尚未完全吃光.)
③不定式的完成体还可以表达本该发生却未发生的事情常带这种不定式的谓语动词有：“pretend,intend, appear,seem,should like,expect"等.
I meant to have telephoned you,but I forgot．
4)不定式的语态：
①在不定式之前能找到不定式所表达的动作的执行者时,此不定式用主动态；反之则用被动态试比较：
We found the article hard to understand．(“understand”的执行者是“we”.)
He is reading the article to be published tomorrow．(“punish"之前没有执行者.)
类似的还有：It is impossible to get there．
③在"there be"结构中,不定式既可以用主动态,又可以用被动态.
There is no time to lose／to be lost．(时间紧迫不能耽误了.前后意义无差别.)
④习惯上用“to let(出租)”,“to blame(责怪)”的主动形式表示被动意义.
Tom asked her if she had any rooms to let．(汤姆问她是否有房要出租.)
Ⅱ．分词
分词既具有动词的一些特征(可以有自己的逻辑宾语),又具有形容词(可以作定语、表语、宾补、主补)和副词(状语)的特征.
(1)分词的时态和语态
1)构成：(以动词“do”为例)
①现在分词的构成(V-ing)：
主动态：一般式(doing)；完成式(having done)
被动态：一般式“being done；完成式(having been done)
否定式：一般式(not doing／not being done)；完成式(not having done／not having been done)
[注]“V-ing”分词的被动态结构表示它的逻辑主语是"V-ing"分词所表示的动作的承受者.
Having been invited to speak．I’ll start making preparations this evening．
②过去分词的构成(V-ed)：中国雅思网D1Hx0`gH(G QiO
只有一种形式(done),表示被动意义已完成了的动作或状态.1
Considered from this point of view, the question will be of great importance．
2)时态(只有现在分词才有时态形式的变化)：
①现在分词的一般式表示动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生.
He came to visit me,bringing his girl friend with him．
Hearing the good news,she burst into laughing．
②现在分词的完成式表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语.
Having finished her homework,she went to bed．
Ⅲ．动名词
动名词既具有动词的一些特征(允许有自己的宾语),又具有名词的一些特征(可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语等).
动名词的时态与语态
1)构成：与"V-ing"分词的构成相同
2)时态：
①动名词的完成式表示其动作先于谓语动词的动作.
They regret not having taken your advice．
②动名词的一般式也可表示一个先于谓语动词的动作.
I remember seeing a film．
．
①动名词的被动语态表示它的逻辑主语是动名词所表示的动作的承受者.
He dislikes being interrupted during his study．
②动名词的被动态有自己的逻辑主语.
He was so surprised at being discovered that he didn’t even try to run away．
todo不定式在句子中的成分及例句
动词不定式的用法1. 不定式定义:由to＋动词原形构成。
不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。
2.用途：
在句中不能作谓语。它具有动词的性质，本身可以带宾语和状语。
【动词不定式】
1.定义：动词 + 不定式
2.用途：
动词不定式在句中可以作句子任何成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
[编辑本段][动词不定式的时态、语态]
动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语，其形式如下：
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 （not） to make （not） to be made
完成式 （not） to have made （not） to have been made
进行式 （not） to be making
完成进行式 （not） to have been making
(1)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主语）
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语）
I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语）
He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）
在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
(2)时态
1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
[编辑本段][疑问词＋不定式结构]
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如：
①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主语）
②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做宾语）
③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. （不定式在句子中做间接宾语）
④The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表语）
以上例句中疑问词＋不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：①When we shall leave…③…how I
could learn…
经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
[编辑本段][动词不定式的语法功能]不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。
1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
【例如】
To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.
To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
【例如】
It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋不定式
【例如】
It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.
It is hard to put my hopessintoswords.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one's du ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)＋不定式
It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
It is a pity to have to go without her.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
【例如】
The most important thing for one's health is to have plenty of exercise.
My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.
The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：
afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine,
expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,seek,tend,threaten,want等。
【例如】
I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor's degree.
The room is designed to be my study, but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children.
She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.
There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means( )trouble.
A) making
B) to make
C) to have made
D)shavingsmade
mean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根据句意，他看起来非常生气，他想找麻烦，不定式的动作还没有实施，应用一般式，因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。
【例如】
We found it impossible to get everything ready in time. I think it important to learn English well in college.
使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
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