本文目录
初二上学期英语时态专项训练
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
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11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
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11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
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11.4 一般将来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
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11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
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11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）
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11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
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11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
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11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。
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11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
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11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
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11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
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11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
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11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）
2） 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
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11.15 过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
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11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
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11.17 将来完成时
1） 构成will have done
2） 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。
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11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
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11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
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11.20 过去进行时
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
典型例题
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
情态动词的使用方法及所有的情态动词有什么意义
情态动词也可称为"情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)"，因为它和基本助动词(be,
do, have)都属于助动词类。
* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。
* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would
这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。
其实我们这里谈的情态动词，它的特征用法，有许多方面和助动词是一样的（请参阅
《英文语法拉杂谈》助动词）；但为了方便阅读，因此即使相同的部份，这里也同样列
出。
一、情态动词的变化：(情态动词could，动词 to work)
1.1 简单型(Simple)：表示现在或将来的状态
I could work (动词不可加 to ，如：to work。下同)
you could work
he could work
she could work
it could work
we could work
they could work
1.2 完成式型 (Perfect)：表示过去的状态
I could have worked (动词是 have + v-ed 过去分词。下同)
you could have worked
he could have worked
she could have worked
it could have worked
we could have worked
they could have worked
1.3 进行式型 (Continuous)：表示现在或将来还在进行的状态
I could be working (动词是be + v-ing 现在分词。下同)
you could be working
he could be working
she could be working
it could be working
we could be working
they could be working
1.4 完成进行式型 (Perfect Continuous)：表示过去正在进行的状态
I could have been working (动词是 have been + v-ing 现在分词。下同)
you could have been working
he could have been working
she could have been working
it could have been working
we could have been working
they could have been working
二、情态动词的疑问句：
只要将情态动词移到主语(Subject)的前面，句尾加上问号。这样就成了疑问句。
1. She can work.(主语she, 情态动词 can，动词 work)
Can she work ? (这就是疑问句）
2. He would be working. (主语he, 情态动词 would，动词 be working)
Would he be working ?
3. They should have worked. (主语they, 情态动词should, 动词have worked)
Should they have worked ?
4. I could have been working. (主语 I, 情态动词 could, 动词 have been
working)
Could I have been working ?
三、情态动词的否定句：
在情态动词的后面加上 not 就成了情太动词否定句。
1. She can work.
She cannot work. (注意：can 和 not 须连在一起）(这就是否定句)
2. He would be working.
He would not be working. (would not)
3. They should have worked.
They should not have worked. (should not)
4. I could have been working.
I could not have been working. (could not)
四、在口语中，否定情态动词的缩写法：
1. cannot ---- can't
2. could not ---- couldn't
3. might not ---- mightn't (很少用)
4. must not ---- mustn't
5. shall not ---- shan't (几乎没人用了)
6. should not ---- shouldn't
7. will not ---- won't (可不是 win't 喔！)
8. would not ---- wouldn't
五、情态动词的否定疑问句：
将否定情态动词移到主语的前面，就成了否定疑问句。
1. Can she not work ? 或 Can't she work ? (看出有什么不同吗？小心看看喔)
2. Would he not be working ? 或 Wouldn't he be working ?
3. Should they not have worked ? 或 Shouldn't they have worked ?
4. Could I not have been working ? 或 Couldn't I have been working ?
初中情态动词的用法
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。
情态动词后面加动词原形。
[编辑本段]分类：
情态动词有四类：
①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare
③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)
④具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to
[编辑本段]位置:
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
I can see you. Come here.
我能看见你，过来吧。
He must have been away.
他一定走了。
What can I do for you?
我能帮你吗？
How dare you treat us like that！
你怎能那样对待我们！
[编辑本段]特点:
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。
He could be here soon.
他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.
我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.
对不起，我帮不上你。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：
What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义）
I am afraid I must be going. （一定要）
You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经）
除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：
1） 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式：
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2） 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一：
They need not have been punished so severely.
3） 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式：
She dare not say what she thinks.
4） 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词：
Still, she needn't have run away.
5） 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间：
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6） 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用：
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.
[编辑本段]用法
首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作（如写，读，跑），而情态动词只是表达的一种想法（如能，也许，敢）。
用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形
例句：I can read this sentence in English.
我能用英语读这句话。
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？
Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗？
You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.
[编辑本段]功能
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词基本的有十四个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能：
1） 构成否定式：
He didn't go and neither did she.
The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.
2） 构成疑问式或附加疑问式：
Must you leave right now?
You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?
3） 构成修辞倒装：
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
4） 代替限定动词词组：
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him?
B: Yes, do.
[编辑本段]can和could的用法
1. 表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。如：
Can you finish this work tonight?
Man can not live without air.
— Can I go now? — Yes, you can.
注意：①could也可表示请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can（即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如：
Could I come to see you tomorrow?
Yes, you can. （否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.）
②can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。如：
I'll not be able to come this afternoon.
2. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）
Can this be true?
How can you be so careless!
This can not be done by him.
3. “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。如：
He can not have been to that town.
Can he have got the book?
4. 用在疑问句及否定句中,表示惊讶,不相信等.
5. can not```too\enough表示"无论怎样``````也不过分","越``````越好"
[编辑本段]may和might的用法
1. 表示许可。
表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时(口语中常用) no , you can't . or , yes, please 用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)如：
You may drive the car.
— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't.
用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。
2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：
May you succeed!
3. 表示推测、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。
He may be very busy now.
4. “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。如：
He may not have finished the work.
[编辑本段]must和have to的用法
1. 表示必须、必要。（must表示主观多一些而have to则表示客观多一些）如：
You must come in time.
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。
— Must we hand in our exercise books today?
— Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.)
2. “must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
This must be your pen.
3. “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
He must have been to Shanghai.
4. have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：
① must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。如：
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
② must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。
③ 二者的否定意义不大相同。如：
You mustn't go. 你可不要去。
You don't have to go. 你不必去。
④ 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如：
Must I clean all the room?
注意：have to也可拼做have got to。
[编辑本段]dare和need的用法
1. need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如：
You needn’t come so early.
— Need I finish the work today?
— Yes, you must.
注意：needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。如：
You needn't have waited for me.
2. Dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如：
How dare you say I'm unfair.
He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3. Dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如：
I dare to swim across this river.
He does not dare (to) answer.
Don't you dare (to) touch it!
I wondered he dare (to) say that.
He needs to finish it this evening.
[编辑本段]shall和should的用法
一.Shall的用法：
1. Shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。如：
What shall we do this evening?
2. Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：
Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
3. Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如：
You shall fail if you don't work harder. （警告）
He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允诺）
He shall be punished. （威胁）
二.Should的用法：
1. Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。如：
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
Should的含义较多，用法较活，现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子：
① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。
② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞错了。
③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。
④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。
从以上例句可以看出：情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。
Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：
⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她，请让她给我打个电话。
⑥ If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意，请通知我们。
⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间，我就来。
此外，Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如：
⑧ Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚？
⑨ — Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里？
— How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢？
⑩ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
2. “should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如： She should have finished it.
I should have helped her, but I never could.
You should have started earlier.
[编辑本段]will和would的用法
1. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。如：
Would you pass me the book?
2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。如：
I will never do that again.
They asked if we would do that again.
The door won't open
3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如：
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
The guests would have arrived by that time.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
4. Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
5. 表料想或猜想。如：
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.
[编辑本段]ought to的用法
1. Ought to表示应该。如：
You ought to take care of him.
2. 表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别：
He must be at home by now. （断定他已到家）
He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定）
This is where the oil must be. （比较直率）
This is where the oil ought to be. （比较含蓄）
3. “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。如： You ought to have asked him (but you didn't).
这时，ought to和should可以互相换用。
注意：在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时，to可以省略。如：
Ought you smoke so much?
You oughtn't smoke so much.
ought和should的区别：
1.ought语气略强。
2.should较常用。
3.ought在美国英语中用的很少，而should却相当常用。
4.ought属正式用语。
[编辑本段]used to，had better，would rather的用法
1. Used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。如：
He told us he used to play football when he was young.
在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式：
疑问句
Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?
Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
否定句
I usedn't to go there.
I didn't use to go there.
Usedn't 亦可拼作usen't，但发音皆为['ju:snt]。
否定疑问句
Usen't you to be interested in the theatre?
Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre?
强调句
I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago.
I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.
其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：
She used to be very fat, didn't she? （口语+常用）/ use(d)n't she? （正式+过时）
Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did.
Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.)
2. Had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。如：
— We had better go now.
— Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better).
Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)
I think I'd better be going. （用于进行时态，表“最好立即”）
You had better have done that. （用于完成时态，表未完成动作）
注：①had best与had better同意，但较少用。②You had better … 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。
3. Would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式。如：
I'd rather not say anything.
Would you rather work on a farm?
— Wouldn't you rather stay here?
— No, I would not. I'd rather go there.
由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than。如：
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.
I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.
I'd rather you didn't talk about this to anyone. （句中的'd rather不是情态动词，would在此是表愿望的实义动词）
[编辑本段]can (could), may (might), 用法:
can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。
Can you pass me the books?
你能给我递一下书吗 ?
Could you help me, please?
请问,你能帮助我吗?
What can you do?
你能干点什么呢?
Can you be sure?
你有把握吗?
can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。
He could help us at all.
他完全可以帮助我们。
With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.
由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。
may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。
You may take the book home.
你可以把书带回家去.
May I come in?
我可以进来吗?
May I use your dictionary?
我可以用你的词典吗?
You may put on more clothes.
你可以多穿点衣服.
He said he might lend us some money.
他说他可以借给我们一些钱。
may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn't.
might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。
He told me he might be here on time.
他说他能按时间来。
Might I borrow some money now.
我可以借点钱吗?
He might be alive.
他可能还活着。
[编辑本段]must, need, ought to, dare (dared)用法
Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。
must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。
I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。
You mustn't work all the time. 你不能老是工作。
Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必须明天还书吗?
After such a long walk, you must be tired. 走了这么长的路,你一定困了。
He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。
He had to go because of somebody's calling him that day. 那天他要走是因为有人叫他。
must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。
He must have told my parents about it.
他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。
He must have received my letter now.
他现在一定收到我的信了。
It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again.
已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。
must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。
You must do it now.
你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)
I have to go now.
我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)
need 需要 多用在否定式或疑问句中.
Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?
我需要明天参加会议吗?
You need not hand in the paper this week.
这一周你不必交论文。
need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。
I need a bike to go to school.
我上学需要一辆自行车。
Do you need a dictionary?
你需要词典吗?
She needs a necklace.
她需要一条项链。
needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。
You needn't have taken it seriously.
这件事情你不必太认真。
dare 敢 多用在否定或疑问句中。
The little girl dare not speak in public.
小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。
Dare you catch the little cat?
你敢抓小猫吗?
dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。
Do you dare to walk in the dark?
你敢黑夜走路吗？
He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.
他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。
have to , ought ，will ，Shall , should . ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。
You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.
如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。
You ought to bring the child here.
你应该把孩子带来。
ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。
You ought to have been here yesterday.
你昨天就应该来。
ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。
You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.
你不应该把书带出阅览室。
will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式,
可用于各人称。
I'll do my best to catch up with them.
我要尽全力赶上他们。
I'll never do it again, that's the last time.
我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。
He said he would help me.
他说他会帮助我。
will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。
It's hot. Will you open the windows?
天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?
Will you help me to work it out?
你能帮我解这道题吗?
Would you like some coffee？
给你来点咖啡怎样？
Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。
You should hand in the exercise book.
你应该交作业本了。
This should be no problem.
这应该没问题。
Shall we go now.
我们现在可以走了吗?
Why should I meet him？
为什么我要见他?
have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必须。
I have to go now.
我现在得走了。
I have to cook for my child.
我得给孩子做饭。
You must be here on time next time.
你下次一定要按时来。
We must go to get the timetable ourselves.
我们一定要自己去拿时刻表。
初二情态动词的用法归纳
很简单，总的来说就两种！
1.
情态动词+动词原形
（表示主语对所做动作的情感以及态度，所以叫情态动词。）
2.
情态动词+have+Vp.p.(过去分词）
（表示主语对过去已经发生了的事情的猜测与假想。）
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