高中英语语法从句的知识点包括名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句,这些从句在句子中分别充当名词、形容词和副词的角色。名词性从句可以作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语;形容词性从句用于修饰名词或代词;副词性从句用于修饰动词、形容词或副词。在语序上,名词性从句的主语和谓语顺序不能颠倒,而形容词性和副词性从句的主语和谓语顺序可以颠倒。
定义
语法从句是由一个连接词引导的,具有主语和谓语的从句。它作为一个整体在句子中充当名词、形容词或副词。
从句类型
高中语法从句主要分为三种类型:名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
名词性从句
名词性从句在句子中充当名词,可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。常见的引导词有that, whether/if, who, whom, whose, what, when, where, why, how等。
例句:
- That he is a liar is obvious.(作主语)
- I don't know whether/if he will come.(作宾语)
- The fact that he is rich surprises me.(作表语)
- The news that he won the first prize made me happy.(作同位语)
形容词性从句
形容词性从句在句子中充当形容词,修饰名词或代词。常见的引导词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。
例句:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(修饰名词)
- He is the man who/that helped me yesterday.(修饰代词)
副词性从句
副词性从句在句子中充当副词,修饰动词、形容词或副词。常见的引导词有when, where, why, how, that, whether/if等。
例句:
- She sings better than I do when she is happy.(修饰动词)
- This is the place where we met last time.(修饰形容词)
- I don't know why he is so angry.(修饰副词)
语序
语法从句的语序要符合英语语法的规则。在名词性从句中,引导词后面的主语和谓语顺序不能颠倒;在形容词性和副词性从句中,引导词后面的主语和谓语顺序可以颠倒。
例句:
- I know that he is a good student.(名词性从句,不能颠倒)
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(形容词性从句,可以颠倒)
- She sings better than I do when she is happy.(副词性从句,可以颠倒)