形容词从句是英语语法中用来修饰名词或代词的从句,由引导词和从句构成,通常放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。引导词包括关系代词(如who, whom, whose, that, which)和关系副词(如when, where, why)。形容词从句可以修饰主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。在某些情况下,当关系代词或关系副词在从句中作宾语时,可以省略。
1. 从句结构
形容词从句由一个引导词和一个从句构成,引导词通常是关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who, whom, whose, that和which;关系副词有when, where和why。从句通常放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。
例如:
- The girl who is standing over there is my friend.(那个站在那边的女孩是我的朋友。)
- This is the book that I bought yesterday.(这是我昨天买的那本书。)
- Do you know the reason why he didn't come?(你知道他为什么没来吗?)
2. 从句作用
形容词从句的作用是对名词或代词进行修饰,起到形容词的作用。形容词从句可以修饰主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
例如:
- The man who is talking to my father is his boss.(和我父亲说话的那个人是他的老板。)(修饰主语)
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书很有趣。)(修饰宾语)
- She is the only one who is good at dancing in our class.(她是我们班唯一一个擅长跳舞的人。)(修饰表语)
- The girl whose hair is black is my sister.(头发是黑色的那个女孩是我妹妹。)(修饰定语)
- He always helps others when they are in trouble.(当别人有麻烦时,他总是帮助他们。)(修饰状语)
3. 从句语序
形容词从句的语序通常是主语+谓语+从句。
例如:
- The woman who is singing is my mother.(唱歌的那个女人是我妈妈。)
4. 从句省略
在形容词从句中,有时可以省略关系代词或关系副词。当关系代词或关系副词在从句中作宾语时,可以省略。
例如:
- The man (who/whom) I met yesterday is very kind.(我昨天遇到的那个人非常友善。)
- Do you remember the time (when/that) we went to the beach?(你还记得我们去海滩的那个时候吗?)