在英语语法中,be动词作为助动词有广泛的应用,包括现在进行时态、过去进行时态、现在完成时态、被动语态和否定句的构成。例如,“I am watching TV.”、“He was studying English at 8 o'clock yesterday evening.”、“I have been working here for three years.”、“The book was written by him.”和“I am not hungry.”等。掌握be动词的用法对提高英语表达能力有重要作用。
现在进行时态
现在进行时态表示正在进行的动作,通常由“be + 现在分词”构成。例如:
- I am watching TV.(我正在看电视。)
- They are playing soccer.(他们正在踢足球。)
过去进行时态
过去进行时态表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,通常由“was/were + 现在分词”构成。例如:
- He was studying English at 8 o'clock yesterday evening.(昨晚8点,他正在学英语。)
- They were playing cards when I arrived.(我到达时,他们正在打牌。)
现在完成时态
现在完成时态表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,通常由“have/has + been + 现在分词”构成。例如:
- I have been working here for three years.(我在这里工作已经三年了。)
- They have been studying for the exam all day.(他们一整天都在为考试学习。)
被动语态
被动语态表示动作的承受者是谁,通常由“be + 过去分词”构成。例如:
- The book was written by him.(这本书是他写的。)
- The car was repaired by the mechanic.(这辆车是机修工修理的。)
否定句
否定句通常由“be + not”构成,表示否定的意思。例如:
- I am not hungry.(我不饿。)
- They are not coming to the party.(他们不参加聚会。)