英语中的宾语是句子的重要成分,通常是动词的直接接受者。宾语可以由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、介词短语或从句构成,并可以作为及物动词的直接宾语,介词的宾语或不及物动词的宾语补语。掌握宾语的构成和用法对于学习英语语法和提高语言能力非常重要。
宾语的构成
宾语通常由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、介词短语或从句构成。以下是各种类型宾语的例子:
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名词宾语:
- I like [coffee].(我喜欢咖啡。)
- She bought [a new car].(她买了一辆新车。)
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代词宾语:
- They invited [us] to their party.(他们邀请我们参加派对。)
- My parents bought [it] for me.(我父母为我买的。)
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不定式宾语:
- I want [to travel] around the world.(我想环游世界。)
- She needs [to study] harder for the exam.(她需要更努力地学习考试。)
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动名词宾语:
- I enjoy [swimming] in the ocean.(我喜欢在海洋里游泳。)
- He admitted [breaking] the vase.(他承认打破了花瓶。)
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介词短语宾语:
- She is afraid [of spiders].(她害怕蜘蛛。)
- We are interested [in learning] new languages.(我们对学习新语言感兴趣。)
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从句宾语:
- He believes [that she is innocent].(他相信她是无辜的。)
- I know [what you are thinking].(我知道你在想什么。)
宾语的用法
宾语可以作为及物动词的直接宾语,也可以作为介词的宾语或不及物动词的宾语补语。以下是一些常见的用法:
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及物动词的直接宾语:
- She drinks [coffee] every morning.(她每天早上喝咖啡。)
- We watched [a movie] last night.(昨晚我们看了一部电影。)
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介词的宾语:
- He is good [at playing] the guitar.(他擅长弹吉他。)
- She is interested [in music].(她对音乐感兴趣。)
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不及物动词的宾语补语:
- She felt [happy].(她感到开心。)
- He seems [tired].(他看起来很累。)