英语定语从句是重要的语法知识点,用于修饰名词或代词。关系代词that,which和who/whom用于引导定语从句,分别指物和人。关系代词在定语从句中作为主语、宾语、表语或介词宾语。定语从句通常位于被修饰的名词或代词后面,也可以放在整个句子的后面。定语从句中的主语、宾语和表语可以省略,但关系代词不能省略。
定语从句的定义
定语从句是由一个引导词引导的从句,它在句子中作为一个定语,用来修饰句子中的名词或代词。
引导定语从句的关系代词
引导定语从句的关系代词有三个,分别是:that,which和who/whom。
- that 用来引导指物的定语从句。
- which 用来引导指物的定语从句。
- who/whom 用来引导指人的定语从句,who用来作主语,whom用来作宾语。
关系代词在定语从句中的作用
关系代词在定语从句中一般作为从句的主语、宾语、表语或者介词宾语。例如:
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(that作为从句的主语)
- The house which we bought last month is very spacious.(which作为从句的主语)
- She is the woman who/whom I met yesterday.(who/whom作为从句的宾语)
定语从句的位置
定语从句的位置一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面,也可以放在整个句子的后面。例如:
- The girl who is standing near the door is my sister.
- The book, which I borrowed from the library, is very interesting.
定语从句的省略
定语从句中的主语、宾语和表语可以省略,但是关系代词不能省略。例如:
- The person I met yesterday was very friendly.(定语从句中的主语who省略了)
- The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(定语从句中的宾语which省略了)