在英语语法中,关系代词和关系副词用于连接句子或短语。关系代词如who, whom, whose, that, which等,代替先前的名词,使句子简洁。关系副词如where, when, why等,用于引导定语从句。理解并掌握这两种语法的使用,可以帮助更好地理解和运用英语语法。
关系代词
关系代词是用来连接两个句子或短语的代词。在句子中充当名词的作用,代替先前已经提到的名词,使句子更加简洁明了。常见的关系代词有 who, whom, whose, that, which, 等等。例如:
- The man who I met yesterday is a doctor. (我昨天遇到的那个人是个医生。)
- This is the book which I borrowed from the library. (这是我从图书馆借来的书。)
关系代词的使用需要注意以下几点:
- 当关系代词代替主语时,通常使用who或that。例如:
- The girl who is standing over there is my sister. (站在那边的女孩是我的妹妹。)
- The man that I saw yesterday is a teacher. (我昨天看到的那个男人是位老师。)
- 当关系代词代替宾语时,通常使用whom或that。例如:
- The girl whom I met yesterday is my classmate. (昨天我遇见的那个女孩是我的同学。)
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. (我从图书馆借来的那本书很有趣。)
- 当关系代词代替物时,通常使用which或that。例如:
- The car which is parked outside is mine. (停在外面的那辆车是我的。)
- The movie that I watched last night was very funny. (我昨晚看的那部电影很有趣。)
关系副词
关系副词是用来连接两个句子或短语的副词。它们与关系代词的作用类似,也是用来引导定语从句的。常见的关系副词有where, when, why, 等等。例如:
- This is the school where I studied. (这是我曾经学习过的学校。)
- Do you remember the day when we met? (你还记得我们见面的那天吗?)
关系副词的使用需要注意以下几点:
- 当关系副词引导时间状语从句时,通常使用when。例如:
- The day when I graduated from university was a happy day. (我从大学毕业的那一天是个快乐的日子。)
- 当关系副词引导地点状语从句时,通常使用where。例如:
- This is the park where we often play football. (这是我们经常踢足球的公园。)
- 当关系副词引导原因状语从句时,通常使用why。例如:
- That is the reason why I couldn't come to your party. (那就是我不能来参加你派对的原因。)