英语语法中的名词性从句引导词包括"that"、"what"、"who"和"whom"。"that"可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。"what"主要用于引导不定内容的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。"who"和"whom"用于引导主语从句和宾语从句,其中"who"指人做主语或宾语,"whom"指人做宾语。
that
that是最常用的名词性从句引导词之一,它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。例如:
- 主语从句:That he is coming is good news.(他来了是个好消息。)
- 宾语从句:I know that he is coming.(我知道他要来。)
- 表语从句:The fact that he is coming is good news.(他来了是个好消息。)
- 同位语从句:The news that he is coming is good.(他要来的消息很好。)
what
what用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。它的主要作用是引导一些名词性从句中的不定内容。例如:
- 主语从句:What the teacher said is important.(老师说的话很重要。)
- 宾语从句:I don't know what he wants.(我不知道他想要什么。)
- 表语从句:The important thing is what you do next.(重要的是你接下来要做什么。)
who/whom
who和whom均用来引导主语从句和宾语从句。它们的区别在于who用来指人做主语或宾语,而whom则用来指人做宾语。例如:
- 主语从句:Who is coming to the party tonight?(今晚谁来参加聚会?)
- 宾语从句:I don't know whom she is talking to.(我不知道她在跟谁说话。)