英语语法中的定语从句主要有三种结构:关系代词引导的定语从句,关系副词引导的定语从句,以及不定式引导的定语从句。这些结构可以修饰名词或代词,进一步揭示其特性。掌握这些定语从句的使用可以提高写作的语法水平,使表达更精确、清晰。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等。这些关系代词在定语从句中起到连接主句和从句的作用,同时也充当从句中的主语、宾语或定语。例如:
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very informative.
- The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister.
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词包括where, when, why等。这些关系副词在定语从句中起到连接主句和从句的作用,同时也充当从句中的地点、时间或原因状语。例如:
- I still remember the day when I met my best friend for the first time.
- The reason why he didn't come to the party is still unclear.
3. 不定式引导的定语从句
不定式作为一个独立的语法结构,也可以用来引导定语从句,修饰名词或代词。例如:
- I need a computer to write my essay, which should be finished by tomorrow.