名词性从句是英语语法的重要部分,由引导词和从句组成,可以充当名词的角色。常用的引导词包括"that"(可代表主语、宾语或表语),"who/whom"(指代人,"who"作主语或表语,"whom"作宾语),"what"(指代事物或情况,可作主语、宾语或表语),"where"(指代地点,可作状语或表语),"when"(指代时间,可作状语或表语),以及"why"(指代原因,可作状语或表语)。
引导词 "that"
"that"是名词性从句中最常用的引导词,它可以代表主语、宾语或表语等,例如:
- 主语从句:That he is coming is good news. (他来了是好消息)
- 宾语从句:I believe that he is honest. (我相信他是诚实的)
- 表语从句:The fact that he passed the exam made us happy. (他通过考试的事实让我们很高兴)
引导词 "who/whom"
"who/whom"用于指代人,其中"who"作主语或表语,"whom"作宾语。例如:
- 主语从句:Whoever studies hard will succeed. (无论谁努力学习都会成功)
- 宾语从句:I saw the man whom you were talking about. (我看到了你说的那个人)
- 表语从句:He is the person who/whom I admire most. (他是我最敬佩的人)
引导词 "what"
"what"用于指代事物或情况,可以作主语、宾语或表语。例如:
- 主语从句:What you said is true. (你说的是真的)
- 宾语从句:I don't know what he is doing. (我不知道他在干什么)
- 表语从句:The problem is what to do next. (问题是下一步该怎么做)
引导词 "where"
"where"用于指代地点,可以作状语或表语。例如:
- 状语从句:I will go where you go. (我会跟着你去哪儿)
- 表语从句:The hotel where we stayed was very comfortable. (我们住的旅馆很舒适)
引导词 "when"
"when"用于指代时间,可以作状语或表语。例如:
- 状语从句:I will meet you when I finish my work. (我完成工作后会见你)
- 表语从句:The moment when I saw her was unforgettable. (我看到她的那一刻是难忘的)
引导词 "why"
"why"用于指代原因,可以作状语或表语。例如:
- 状语从句:I don't know why he didn't come. (我不知道他为什么没来)
- 表语从句:The reason why he left is still unknown. (他离开的原因仍然不明)