分词式形容词,包括现在分词和过去分词,是英语中常用的语法形式,用于修饰名词或代词。现在分词以-ing结尾,表示正在进行的动作;过去分词以-ed或-en结尾,表示已完成的动作。分词式形容词可以使句子更简洁有力,但只能修饰名词或代词,不能单独使用。
现在分词
现在分词通常以-ing结尾,表示正在进行或进行中的动作。例如:
- The running boy is my neighbor.(跑步的男孩是我的邻居。)
- The barking dog woke me up.(叫的狗把我吵醒了。)
- The smiling woman is my teacher.(微笑的女人是我的老师。)
现在分词还可以用作定语,修饰名词或代词。例如:
- The boring lecture made me sleepy.(无聊的讲座让我困倦。)
- The shining sun is so bright.(照耀的太阳非常明亮。)
- The missing book was found under the bed.(失踪的书被找到在床底下。)
过去分词
过去分词通常以-ed或-en结尾,表示已经完成或被完成的动作。例如:
- The broken vase was my fault.(打破的花瓶是我的错。)
- The written report was submitted on time.(写好的报告按时提交了。)
- The stolen car was found by the police.(被偷的车被警察找到了。)
过去分词也可以用作定语,修饰名词或代词。例如:
- The interested students stayed after class to ask questions.(有兴趣的学生课后留下来问问题。)
- The excited children opened their presents on Christmas morning.(激动的孩子们在圣诞节早上打开了礼物。)
- The exhausted runner finished the marathon in first place.(疲惫的跑步者以第一名完成了马拉松比赛。)