在英语语法中,关系词是连接从句与主句的词语。常用的关系词包括that, who, whom, whose, which等等。这些关系词在从句中扮演着不同的角色,有时充当主语,有时充当宾语,有时充当表语或定语。
一、关系代词作主语
关系代词在从句中作主语时,通常用who, whom, that等词来引导从句。例如:
- The man who is standing over there is my uncle.(那个站在那边的人是我叔叔。)
- The students whom I taught last year are doing well in their exams.(我去年教的学生考试都考得不错。)
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的书非常有趣。)
二、关系代词作宾语
当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,通常用who, whom, that等词来引导从句。例如:
- The man who(m) she met yesterday is my boss.(她昨天遇见的那个人是我老板。)
- The car that we bought last week broke down on the way.(我们上周买的那辆车在路上抛锚了。)
三、关系代词作表语
当关系代词在从句中作表语时,通常用who, whom, that等词来引导从句。例如:
- The person who(m) she is looking for is not here.(她要找的人不在这里。)
- The important thing is that we try our best.(重要的是我们要尽力而为。)
四、关系代词作定语
关系代词在从句中作定语时,通常用who, whom, whose, that等词来引导从句。例如:
- The girl who sat next to me in the cinema was crying throughout the movie.(在电影院里坐在我旁边的那个女孩子整部电影都在哭。)
- The book whose cover is red is mine.(封面是红色的那本书是我的。)
- The car that belongs to my friend is very expensive.(属于我的朋友的那辆车非常昂贵。)
总之,关系词在英语语法中扮演着非常重要的角色,熟练地使用关系词能够帮助我们更好地表达自己的意思。