不定式后置定语是指在句子中作为定语的不定式短语。在英语中,不定式后置定语可以用来表示被动意义,即主动表被动。
不定式后置定语通常由to + 动词原形构成,例如:to be eaten, to be seen等。当不定式后置定语作为被动语态时,需要将to be改为to have been,例如:to have been eaten, to have been seen等。
下面是一些例子:
- The book to be read is on the table. (被动:The book to have been read has been returned to the library.)
- The clothes to be washed are in the basket. (被动:The clothes to have been washed have been hanging on the line.)
- The cake to be baked smells delicious. (被动:The cake to have been baked has been eaten.)
需要注意的是,不定式后置定语作为被动语态时,通常只用于口语和非正式写作中。在正式的写作和文学作品中,应该使用完整的被动语态来表达被动意义。
总之,不定式后置定语主动表被动是英语语法中的一种常见表达方式,需要在实际运用中加以注意和掌握。