英语语法中,which和that都是关系代词,用于连接定语从句。它们的使用有一些相同之处,但也存在一些区别。
首先,which只能用于非限定性定语从句,也就是说,该从句不是必须的,可以被省略,而不影响主句的意思。例如:
- The book, which I borrowed from the library, is very interesting.
这个例子中,定语从句“which I borrowed from the library”不是必须的,可以被省略,主句仍然完整,意思也清楚。
而that则可以用于限定性定语从句,也就是说,该从句是必须的,不能省略,否则会改变主句的意思。例如:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
这个例子中,定语从句“that I bought yesterday”是必须的,如果省略,主句就不完整,意思也会发生变化。
其次,which一般用于修饰整个句子或前面的名词,而that则更多地用于修饰后面的名词。例如:
- I like the movie, which is based on a true story.
- The car that I bought last month is very reliable.
最后,which通常用于修饰抽象的事物,而that则更适用于修饰具体的事物。例如:
- I appreciate the advice, which you gave me yesterday.
- The book that I am reading is very interesting.
总的来说,which和that的用法虽然有一些相同之处,但也存在一些区别。需要根据具体的语境和需要选择合适的关系代词来连接定语从句,以确保句子的准确性和流畅性。