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英语中,宾语从句是指在一个句子中,作为主句的宾语的从句。宾语从句通常由连词引导,例如:that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, why, how等等。
常用的宾语从句
1. that从句
that从句是最常用的宾语从句。that从句可以作为名词、形容词或副词的宾语。例如:
- I believe that he is honest. (我相信他是诚实的。)
- She said that she would come back tomorrow.(她说她明天会回来。)
- They don't know that we are watching them.(他们不知道我们在看着他们。)
2. whether/if从句
whether/if从句用来表达“是否”的意思,通常用于疑问句中。例如:
- He asked me whether/if I would like to join the party.(他问我是否想参加派对。)
- I am not sure whether/if it will rain tomorrow.(我不确定明天是否会下雨。)
3. wh-从句
wh-从句通常由疑问词引导,例如when, where, why, what, who, whom, whose, which, how等等。wh-从句可以在句子中作为名词、形容词或副词的宾语。例如:
- He doesn't know where he put his keys.(他不知道他把钥匙放在哪里了。)
- Do you know what he is doing now?(你知道他现在在干什么吗?)
- She asked me how I got there.(她问我怎么去那里的。)
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句通常采用陈述语序,即主语+谓语+宾语从句。例如:
- I know that he is a doctor. (我知道他是一名医生。)
- She asked me whether/if I had finished my homework. (她问我我是否完成了我的作业。)
- They don't know where we live. (他们不知道我们住在哪里。)
在特殊情况下,宾语从句的语序可以与它的主句不同。例如:
- Whether we go or not, it doesn't matter. (我们去不去都无所谓。)
总结
掌握宾语从句的用法是学好英语的关键之一。通过不断练习,我们可以更加熟练地运用宾语从句,让我们的英语表达更加地准确和流畅。