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英语中,动词的被动语态是指动作的承受者成为句子的主语,而动作的执行者则变为句子中的宾语。在不同的时态下,被动语态的构成也会有所不同。下面将介绍各时态的被动语态。
现在时被动语态
现在时被动语态的构成为“be + 过去分词”,其中“be”根据主语的人称和数变化,例如:
- I am being watched. (我正在被观察。)
- He is being interviewed. (他正在被面试。)
- They are being criticized. (他们正在被批评。)
过去时被动语态
过去时被动语态的构成为“was/were + 过去分词”,例如:
- The book was written by him. (这本书是他写的。)
- The car was repaired by the mechanic. (这辆车是修理工修的。)
- The movie was watched by millions of people. (这部电影被数百万人观看。)
将来时被动语态
将来时被动语态的构成为“will be + 过去分词”,例如:
- The project will be completed by next week. (这个项目将在下周完成。)
- The house will be cleaned by the maid. (这个房子将被女佣清洁。)
- The letter will be sent tomorrow. (这封信将在明天寄出。)
现在完成时被动语态
现在完成时被动语态的构成为“have/has been + 过去分词”,例如:
- The job has been offered to him. (这份工作已经被他提供了。)
- The cake has been eaten by the children. (这个蛋糕已经被孩子们吃了。)
- The report has been finished by the team. (这份报告已经被团队完成了。)
过去完成时被动语态
过去完成时被动语态的构成为“had been + 过去分词”,例如:
- The work had been done by the time he arrived. (他到达时,工作已经完成了。)
- The package had been delivered to the wrong address. (包裹已经被送到了错误的地址。)
- The movie had been watched by everyone except him. (这部电影除了他,每个人都看过了。)
在使用被动语态时,需要注意主语是否明确,动作是否及物,以及动作的执行者是否需要强调。适当使用被动语态可以使句子更加流畅和自然。