定语从句是英语中比较重要的语法结构,用于修饰名词或代词,使句子更加丰富和生动。在定语从句中,引导词的选择非常重要,不同的引导词会对句子的意思产生不同的影响。
1. 关系代词“that”
关系代词“that”是定语从句中最常用的引导词,它可以用来代替人或物,可以用在限定性定语从句或非限定性定语从句中。例如:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
- My sister, who is a doctor, is coming to visit me.
2. 关系代词“which”
关系代词“which”只能用在非限定性定语从句中,用来修饰整个句子的内容。例如:
- I love this song, which reminds me of my childhood.
3. 关系代词“who”和“whom”
关系代词“who”和“whom”用来代替人,其中“who”用在主语位置,而“whom”用在宾语位置。例如:
- The woman who is sitting next to me is my mother.
- The boy whom I saw at the park is my neighbor.
4. 关系代词“whose”
关系代词“whose”用来表示所属关系,通常用来修饰人或物。例如:
- The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.
5. 关系副词“when”和“where”
关系副词“when”和“where”分别用来表示时间和地点,只能用在非限定性定语从句中。例如:
- I still remember the day when I met my best friend.
- Paris, where I spent my vacation, is a beautiful city.
在使用定语从句时,需要根据句子的具体情况和需要,选择合适的引导词来修饰名词或代词,使句子表达更加准确和自然。