本文目录
非谓语动词是指不带有人称和数的动词形式，包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。与谓语动词不同，非谓语动词没有时态和语态的变化，但是它们的时态和语态却能够通过上下文的语境得到明确。
动词不定式
动词不定式的时态分为一般式和完成式，语态分为主动语态和被动语态。一般式表示动作未发生，完成式表示动作已经完成。主动语态表示主语执行动作，被动语态表示主语接受动作。
- 一般式主动语态：to do
- 一般式被动语态：to be done
- 完成式主动语态：to have done
- 完成式被动语态：to have been done
例如：
- She promised to help me with my homework. (一般式主动语态)
- The task is not easy to be completed. (一般式被动语态)
- I am glad to have finished my work. (完成式主动语态)
- The project should have been completed by now. (完成式被动语态)
动名词
动名词作主语、宾语、表语、定语等时常用一般式，作状语时常用完成式。动名词没有被动语态。
- 一般式：doing
- 完成式：having done
例如：
- Reading books is my favorite hobby. (作主语，一般式)
- I enjoy playing basketball with my friends. (作宾语，一般式)
- His biggest hobby is travelling around the world. (作表语，一般式)
- Having finished his homework, he went to bed. (作状语，完成式)
分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词，语态分为主动语态和被动语态。现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
- 现在分词主动语态：doing
- 现在分词被动语态：being done
- 过去分词主动语态：done
- 过去分词被动语态：been done
例如：
- The girl singing on the stage is my sister. (现在分词主动语态)
- The work being done by the workers is very important. (现在分词被动语态)
- The book written by the famous author is very popular. (过去分词主动语态)
- The problem has been solved by the team. (过去分词被动语态)
总之，非谓语动词的时态和语态虽然没有变化形式，但我们在使用时，还是要根据上下文的语境来选择正确的形式，以达到表达清晰明了的效果。
