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八年级上册英语语法总结归纳
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?重点语法:频率副词 询问别人做某事的频繁程度 提问用 How often 引导特殊疑问句 回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词。例句:A: How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视?) B: I watch TV every day.(我每天都看电视。) A: What's your favorite program?(你最喜欢的节目是什么?) B: It's Animal World.(是《动物世界》。) A: How often do you watch it?(你多长时间看一次这个节目?)主要频率副词的等级排序: always(总是) > usually (通常) > often(经常) > sometimes(有时) > hardly ever(很少) > never(从不)隔一段时间做某事数次用 数词 + 时间间隔 的结构构成。如: once a week 一周一次(“一次”用特殊词 once) twice a day 一天两次(“两次”用特殊词 twice) three times a month 一个月三次(三次或三次以上用 基数词 + times 的结构构成) four times a year 一年四次
重点短语:how often 多久一次 as for 至于;关于 how many 多少(针对可数名词) how much 多少(针对不可数名词) of course = sure 当然;确信 look after = take care of = care for 照顾;照看 a lot of = lots of = plenty of 许多;大量 every day 每一天 every night 每晚 hardly ever 几乎不 be good for 对……有益 be good for one's health 有益健康 try to do sth. 尝试做某事 get good grades 取得好成绩 help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事 kind of 有点 want [sb.] to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事 keep in good health 保持健康 No two men think alike. 人心各异。
Unit 2 What's the matter?重点语法:询问别人如何感觉 了解人体器官和部位的英文名称 了解一些常见病的英文名称 告诉别人应该怎样做和不应该怎样做例句:A: What's the matter?(怎么了?) B: I'm not feeling well.(我感觉不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。) A: When did it start?(什么时候开始的?) B: About two days ago.(大约两天前开始的。) A: Oh, that's too bad.(哦,这很糟糕。)You should lie down and rest.(你应该躺下休息。) B: Yes, I think so.(是的,我是这么认为的。) A: I hope you feel better soon.(祝你早日康复。)重点短语: have a cold 患感冒 shouldn't = should not be stressed out 紧张的;有压力的 a few 有些;几个(针对可数名词) a little [bit] 有些;几个(针对不可数名词) at the moment 此刻;现在 What's the matter? = What's wrong? = What's the problem? 怎么了? lie down and rest 躺下休息 see a doctor 看病 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 listen to 听 for example 举个例子 be good for 对……有益 it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)……(加形容词) get tired 感到疲倦 stay healthy 保持健康 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 need to do sth. 需要做某事
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?重点语法:用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态 强调某个动作已经计划好即将按照计划去执行例句:A: What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?(林辉,放假准备干什么呢?) B: I'm going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅游一周。) A: That sounds interesting!(这听起来很有趣。)What are you doing there?(你去那里准备干些什么事?) B: I'm going hiking in the mountains.(我准备上山徒步旅行。)How about you, Tony?(你呢,托尼?)What are you doing for vacation?(你放假准备干些什么呢?) A: I'm visiting my friend in Hong Kong.(我要去拜访我在香港的朋友。) B: Oh yeah?(是吗?)How long are you staying?(你要去多久啊?) A: Just for four days.(只去四天。)I don't like going away for too long.(我不想远走太长时间。) B: Well, have a good time!(祝你旅途愉快!)Send me a postcard from Hong Kong!(记得从香港寄一张明信片回来!) A: Sure. Show me your photos when we get back to school.(当然。当我们再回学校的时候,再看看你的照片。)重点短语:how long 多久 get back = come back 回来 take a vacation = have a vacation 去度假 a lot = very much 很;非常 be going to do sth. 将要去做某事 sound + adj. 听起来……(加形容词) sound like + n. 听起来像……(加名词) have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看 want to do sth. = would like to do sth. 想要做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 spend sometime [in] doing sth. 花时间做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 ask sb. about sth. 询问某人某方面的事情 go shopping 去购物 leave for 离开去某地
Unit 4 How do you get to school?重点语法:询问别人做某事的方式 用 How 引导特殊疑问句 其回答有多种方式,其中一种结构是 by doing sth. 或 by sth. 的结构。 询问两地的距离用 how far 引导特殊疑问句 回答用 be + (distance) + [away] + from 的结构。例句:A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上学?) B: I take the subway.(我乘地铁去上学。) A: How far is it from your home to school?(从家到学校多远?) B: It's three miles.(有三英里远。) A: How long does it take you to get from home to school?(从家到学校需要花多长时间?) B: It takes 25 minutes.(要花 25 分钟。)重点短语:by bus = take the bus 乘公共汽车 how far 多远 depend on 依赖于 by boat = take the boat 乘船 look at 看 by train = take the train 乘火车 by bike = ride one's bike 骑车 by subway =take the subway 乘地铁 by plane = take the plane 乘飞机 on foot 走路 get up 起床 have breakfast 吃早饭 leave for somewhere 离开去某地 take sb. to somewhere 带某人去某地 half an hour = thirty minutes 半小时(三十分钟) around the world = all over the world 全世界 get to school 到学校 think of 认为 on weekend 在周末
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?重点语法:询问并请求某人做某事例句:A: Hey, Dave.(你好,戴夫。)Can you go to the movies on Saturday?(周六你能去看电影吗?) B: I'm sorry, I can't.(对不起,我不能去。)I have too much homework this weekend.(这个周末我有太多作业要做。) A: That's too bad.(这太糟了。)Maybe another time.(只好等下一次了。) B: Sure, Joe.(当然,乔。)Thanks for asking.(谢谢你的邀请。)重点短语:the day after tomorrow 后天 the day before yesterday 前天 come over 来访 study for a test 复习迎考 go to the doctor = see the doctor 看病 have to 不得不;必须(强调客观上) must 不得不;必须(强调主观上) help sb. with sth. = help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事 too much + n. 太多(针对不可数名词) too many + n. 太多(针对可数名词) much too + adj. 太……(加形容词) go to the movies 看电影 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 thanks for [doing] sth. 为(做)某事而感谢 go to the dentist 看牙医 be going to do sth. 将要做某事(该事已计划好) will do sth. 将要做某事(该事尚未计划) keep quiet 保持安静
Unit 6 I'm more outgoing than my sister.重点语法:在两件或多件事物中进行比较 使用形容词的比较级和最高级 通常形容词的比较级是在形容词后加 -er(以e结尾的单词直接加r,闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-er)的结构构成,最高级是在形容词前加 the ,形容词后加 -est(以e结尾的单词直接加st,闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-est)的结构构成。(eg/ big → bigger → the biggest 形容词 big 的原级、比较级和最高级;small → smaller → the smallest 形容词 small 的原级、比较级和最高级) 当一个单词有3个或以上音节时,其比较级是在形容词前加 more 的结构,其最高级是在形容词前加 the most 的结构构成。(eg/ expensive → more expensive → the most expensive 形容词 expensive 的原级、比较级和最高级;outgoing → more outgoing → the most outgoing 形容词 outgoing 的原级、比较级和最高级)例句:A: Lin Ping is my friend. (Lin Ping 是我的朋友。)She's a little more outgoing than me.(她比我性格要活泼开朗一些。) B: My friend is the same as me.(我的朋友跟我一样。)We are both quiet.(我们都很静。) A: Do you look the same?(你们长相相像吗?) B: No, I'm a little taller than her.(不,我比她高一点。)重点短语:more than 超出…… in common 共同的 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 most of 大多数 in some ways 在某些方面 the same as 与……一样 make sb. + adj. 让某人(感觉)……(加形容词) stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停止当前做的事去做另一件事 begin with 以……开始 each other 互相 enjoy Oneself= have fun = have a good time 玩得高兴 spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 on a farm 在农场
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?重点语法:描述一个过程 服从别人的指令 询问做某事的过程用 how 引导特殊疑问句 分步回答用 first(首先), next(接着), then(然后), finally(最后) 等时间副词引导从句。例句:A: How do you make fruit salad?(如何做水果沙拉?) B: First cut up three bananas, three apples and a watermelon.(首先切三个香蕉、三个苹果和一个西瓜。)Next put the fruit in a bowl.(接下来把水果放到一个碗里。)Then put in two teaspoons of honey and a cup of yogurt.(然后放入两勺蜂蜜和一杯酸奶。) Finally mix it all up.(最后将它们放在一起搅拌。)重点短语:turn on 打开(电器)[闭合开关] turn off 关闭(电器)[断开开关] cut up 切碎 mix up 混合 add ... to ... 把……加到……上 pour ... into ... 把……浇到……里面 put ... in ... 把……放到……里面 put ... on ... 把……放到……上面 a cup of 一杯 a teaspoon of 一勺
Unit 8 How was your school trip?重点语法:一般过去时态结构:主语 + 谓语动词的过去式 + 宾语 谈论过去发生的事情用一般过去时态 do/does 的一般过去时态形式:did例句:Last week I visited my aunt's house.(上个星期我去我姑姑家玩了。)She lives in California.(她住在加利福尼亚州。)The weather was beautiful.(那儿的天气很好。)I went swimming.(我去游泳了。)重点短语:hang out 闲逛 sleep late 睡过头 take photos = take pictures 照相 have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 at the end of 在……的尽头 the class monitor 班长 a day off 一整天 go for a drive 开车兜风 have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快 a bowl of 一碗 help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事一些不规则动词的原形和过去式:hang → hung buy → bought sleep → slept read/ri:d/ → read/red/
Unit 9 When was he born?重点语法:一般过去时态 谈论著名人物例句:A: How long did Charles Smith hiccup?(查理斯·史密斯打嗝了多长时间?) B: He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.(他打嗝了 69 年零 5 个月。) A: When did he start hiccupping?(他什么时候开始打嗝的?) B: He started in 1922.(他从 1922 年就开始打嗝了。) A: When did he stop hiccupping?(他什么时候停止打嗝的?) B: He stopped in 1990.(他到 1990 年才停止打嗝。)重点短语:too ... to ... 太……以致不能…… take part in = join 参加 because of 因为…… major in 主修;专研 start doing sth. 开始做某事(该事已计划好) start to do sth. 开始做某事(该事尚未计划) spend sometime with sb. 花时间和某人在一起 spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(强调全局) see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事(强调偶然性)
Unit 10 I'm going to be a basketball player.重点语法:一般将来时态 do/does 的两种一般将来时态形式:will do;be going to do 两种形式的区别:will do 强调事情尚未计划好而即将做 be going to do 强调事情已计划好并将按照计划来做 本单元重点强调 be going to do 的形式。例句:A: What are you going to do next year?(明年你准备干些什么?) B: Well, I'm going to take guitar lessons.(我明年要上吉他音乐课。)I really love music.(我很喜欢音乐。) A: Sounds interesting.(听起来很有趣。)I'm going to learn a foreign language.(我明年要学一门外语。)重点短语:grow up 成长;长大 at the same time 同时 all over 遍及 all over the world = around the world 全世界 be going to do sth. 将要做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 study hard 努力学习 take lessons 上课 sound + adj. 听起来……(加形容词) sound like + n. 听起来像……(加名词) save money 存钱 buy sb. sth. = by sth. for sb. 给某人买某物 buy sth. with the money 用钱买某物 write articles 写文章 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 get good grades 取得好成绩 play sports 运动 keep fit 保持健康 write to sb. 给某人写信 enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?重点语法:委婉请求别人做某事 引导词用 can, shall, will 等情态动词的过去时态例句:A: Could I please use your computer?(我能用一下你的电脑吗?) B: Sorry. I'm going to work on it now.(对不起,我正在忙着用电脑。) A: Well, could I watch TV?(那么,我能看电视吗?) B: Yes, you can.(是,你可以看电视。)But you have to clean your room.(但是是在你打扫完房间之后。)重点短语:do the dishes = wash the dishes 洗碗 take out 取出 make one's bed 整理床铺 work on 从事;忙于 do chores = do housework 干家务 do the laundry = wash the clothes 洗衣服 take care of = care for = look after 照看;照顾 sweep the floor 扫地 fold one's clothes 叠衣服 go to the movies 看电影 get a ride 骑车 go to a meeting 开会 hate (to do/doing) sth. 讨厌做某事 like (to do/doing) sth. 喜欢做某事 invite sb. to somewhere 邀请某人去某地 go to the store = go shopping 购物 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事尚未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做过) give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 买某物给某人 on vacation 度假
Unit 12 What's the best radio station?重点语法:在各事物间进行比较 用形容词的原形、比较级和最高级例句:A: Hello! I'm a reporter.(你好,我是记者。)Can I ask you some questions?(我能问你一些问题吗?) B: Sure.(当然可以。) A: What's the best clothing store in town?(城里最好的服装店是哪一家?) B: I think Jason's is the best.(我认为杰森服装店是最好的。) A: Why do you think so?(为什么这样认为呢?) B: Jason's has the best quality clothes.(杰森服装店有质量最好的服装。)重点短语:close to = near 靠近;接近 inexpensive = cheap 便宜的 clothing store 服装店 radio station 广播站 talent show 业余歌手演唱会 it is adj. [for sb.] to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)感觉……(加形容词) cut the price 打折 not ... at all = not ... in the slightest 一点也不 in fact 实际上 pay for 为……而付款 sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花钱买了某物 good/well → better → the best 形容词 good /副词 well 的原级、比较级和最高级 bad/badly → worse → the worst 形容词 bad /副词 badly 的原级、比较级和最高级
八年级上册英语所有重点语法
Unit1——6语法要点
1
频率副词always,usually,ofent,sometimes,hardly,ever,never的用法.
2
all,most,some,no的用法.
3
情态动词should,shouldn't.它们后面的动词都用动词原形.
4
现在进行时态表将来.
5
How引导的特殊疑问句及其回答.
6
Can用于邀请及肯定和否定回答.
7
形容词比较级的用法.
Unit7——12语法要点
1
可数名词和不可数名词.
2
一般过去时.
3
be
going
to
表示将来“打算做”的用法.be
going
to
do
sth固定搭配.
4
could用于提出礼貌请求和征求意见.
5
形容词比较级,最高级的变化规律及用法.
(因为不知道你们的教科书和不和我们的一样,这是我按照我们的书整理的.不知道符不符合你们的)
八年级上册英语应该掌握的语法
仁爱版八年级上学期英语重点语法项目一、 be going to 结构
1) 表示计划、安排及打算
2) 条件句中,一般用will/shall 结构代替be going to 结构。
If it doesn't rain tomorrow ,we _________
(就来) to your home
If he agrees with us ,he ________(成为)a member .
3) there are /is going to be =there will be
We will have a meeting in your classroom this Friday .=there is going to be a meeting in our classroom this Friday .
仿写:he will have a party in his home tomorrow .=________________________.
选填:there is going to ______ (have/be) a tall building over there next year .
4) 表示位置移动的词,在be going to 结构中往往用进行时代替。如:come ,return ,go ,arrive ,leave .
He is going to come here soon .=he is coming soon .
仿写:They are going to arrive in an hour .
= ___________________________ .
5)按自然规律一定要发生的事情,一般用will 而不用be going to 结构:
译出:明天就是元旦节了。
二、主语+will /shall+动词原形+。。。 结构 表示将要发生的事情。
1 一般情况下,与be going to 结构可以互换。
We shall make a visit to him next month .
= _______________________________ .
2 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中,一般用will/shall 结构。
If he ______(not come ) tonight ,we _____
(not hold the party).
3 shall 与will 不可搞混。
练习:变为一般疑问句、否定句、特殊疑问句。
1) We shall stand up.
2) I shall call for help in such an situation .
3)he will help us with our work .
三、can 、may 、must 注意事项
1 过去式:can---could ;may---might .must 没有人称、数、时态变化。
He can swim now .
He could swim three years ago .
You must tell the truth .
He must tell the truth .
2 否定回答以及变为否定句时,它们的变化规律如下:
can—cant ;may –mustn’t
Must---needn’t/ don't have to ;
need---needn’t
练习:将下列句子分别变为否定句、一般疑问句并作否定回答。
1)I can swim
2)He must hand it in now.
3) She need answer the door at once .
4) The little boy can also come here .
3 当这几个词表示推测时,否定句通常都用can’t。
练习:改为否定句。
1 )he can be in the teacher’s office
2) It may be raining in the south of China recently .
3) You must be right .
四、had better 和不定式的否定形式。
had better do sth ---- had better not do sth .
to do sth --- not to do sth 。
译出:晚上你最好不要外出。
我想他不和你一块儿去。
五、一般过去时和过去进行时
1 以过去某个时间为基准:动作已经结束的,用一般过去时,动作正在进行的,用过去进行时。
1) He was busy all this morning ,he _____
(write) a novel .
2) He ______ (put) on his coat and went out .
2 由when 和while引导的时间状语从句中,发生在前面且持续时间久的动作用过去进行时,发生在后面,持续时间短的用一般过去时。
1)when we ______ (lie) in bed ,he_____
(come) in .
2) They ______ ( begin) their lessons when it _______ (happen).
3) While you _____ (pass)the post office , he ______(see) you.
六、比较级和最高级
1) 形容词或副词前有a little(bit) ,even(更) much(比…得多)时,该形容词或副词用比较级形式。
练习:用词的适当形式填空。
He is only a little _______ (ill) than yesterday .
I am much ______ ( outgoing) .
It is even _____ (cold) today .
2 比较级前不加the,但句中有of 时 例外。
1)which do you like ______(good), PE or music?
2 I like music _____ (good) of the two subjects ?
3 ) She is _____ (beautiful) of the twins .
3 比较级和最高级可以转变,意思不变。
He is the cleverest in our class .
He is clever than any other student in our class .
练习:变为最高级或者比较级。
Chang jiang is the long river in China .
He is short than any other in his class.
4 最高级变为比较级时,如果句子主语跟后面表示范围的词具有所属关系时any后要加other ,否则,不要other .
练习:用any 、any other 填空。
The desk is more expensive than _______
One in this shop.
The desk in this shop is more expensive
than ______ one in that shop.
5 比较对象相同时,可用that /those 代替另一比较对象。That 用于单数或者不可数,those 用于复数。
选填:
The weather in shanghai is better than ___
In Tian jin .
The students in our class came earlier than
______in his class .
七、反义疑问句
八年级上册英语语法专项训练
英语语法口诀21条: 1、英语的词类 句子要由词组成, 英语词类有十种: 句中成分用实词, 名、代、动、副、数、形容: 冠、介、连词和感叹, 虚词附加或沟通。 词类功能掌握了, 造句之时好运用。 2、语序歌 主、谓、宾、表同汉语, 定语有同也有异。 状语位置更特殊, 不能全和汉语比。 3、肯定句变一般疑问句 have和be提句首, 其它助词Do开头。 时间、人称由do变, 动词只把原形留。 谓语助词有几个, 第一助词提句首。 4、肯定句变否定句 否定词语加not, 放在be和have后。 其它要加动词do, do的后面加not, 时间、人称由do变, 动词原形总保留。 谓语若是助词多, not紧跟第一个。 5、名词的所有格 名词只变数, 不分主宾格。 人和动物类, 可变所有格。 撇(’)后加s, 相当汉语“的”。 时间、距离等, 也变所有格。 6、名词变复数 单数变为复数式, 加上“s”统言之。 下列结尾名词后, 要加“s”先加“e”: 发音[∫][t∫][s]和[z], 或是辅音加“o”时。 有些名词变复数, 词尾变化要注意: “y”前字母是辅音, 一律变“y”为“ie”; 遇到“f/fe”, 有时需要变“ve” 少数名词不规则, 特别情况靠硬记。 7、时间名词前所有介词的速记 年月周前要用in, 日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用“on”, 上午下午又是“in”。 要说某日上下午, 用on换in才能行。 午夜黄昏用at, 黎明用它也不错。 at也在时分前, 说“差”用to, 说“过”要用past。 8、介词用法歌 介词加宾语, 才能有实意。 表、定、状、宾、补, 词组在句里。 9、介词顺口溜 in 在……里, out在……外, 在旁边的是beside, 靠近的为by。 on在……上, under在……下, above在上头, below在底下。 10、be的用法歌 动词be,变化大, “I”用“am”“You”用“are” Is用于它(it)、他(he)、她(she) 复数一定要用“are”, 切莫用错闹笑话。 11、动词的时态 四种时间各四式, 联想对比便于记。 时间现在和过去, 各自还有将来时。 一般、完成、进行式, 完成进行是四式。 四四共有十六种, 看来复杂掌握易; 除去have/be以外, 动词变化有规律。 12、动词形式的变化 动词根本是原形, 变化形式有四种: 原形词尾加“s”, 现在第三单人称; 过去原形加“ed”, 过去分词也相同; 原形加上“ing”, 现在分词或动名。 原形词尾加“s”, 如同名词复数式。 若加“ed/ing”, 以下情况要注意: 词尾有ie只加d, Ing去掉无声e; 词尾ie变成y, 然后再加ing; 辅音之后y结尾, Y要变i加ed; 现在分词不变y, 直接加上ing; 词尾重读闭音节, 结尾辅音都双写, r做结尾也一样, 重读音节r双写; 结尾字母若是“t”, 不是重读也双写。 过去分词过去式, 不按规则也有些。 13、动词不定式不带to的动词 四看(notice,observe,see,watch), 三使役(have,let,make), 二听(hear,listen to), 一感觉(feel)。 按:在上述动词后做宾语补语用的不定式不带to。 14、非谓语动词 动词不做调话用, 不定、分调与动名。 to加原形不定式, 词组可做名、副、形。 分调现在和过去, 相当副词和形容。 原形加上“ing”, 动词具有名词性。 15、基数词变序数词(之一) 基变序,有规律, 词尾字母tdd。① 八减t,九减e, f要把ve替。② ty把y变成i, 记住山前有个e。③ ①指first、second、third。 ②指eight去掉t,nine去掉e,five和twelve去掉ve加上f。 ③指twenty→twentieth等。 16、基数词变序数词(之二) 第一、二、三要全变,① 其余“th”加后边,② “th”里有例外, 你需格外记明白: 八减t,九减e,③ 字母f代ve,④ ty变tie。⑤ ① one-first,two-second,three-third。 ② four-fourth,seven-seventh,hundred-hundredth。. ③ eight-eighth ,nine-ninth。 ④ five-fifth,twelve-twelfth。 ⑤ twenty-twentieth,sixty-sixtieth。 17、There be的位置和用法 说明何时何地有, there be在主语前。 随着主语第一个, be的形式做变换。 18、be going的用法 be going是助动词, 后跟加to不定式。 说明“准备”或“就要”, 时间人称只变be。 19、have+got have作为动词“有”, 情态动词have; have got惯用语, got可有也可无。 若变否定疑问, 去掉got再加do; 或把have提句首, not加在have后。 20、以or结尾的词 售票员班长(照)镜子, 蓖麻教授(找)医生。 按:有些同学常把-or结尾的词误拼为-er结尾的词。初中课本1-6册只有六个以-or结尾的词。它们是:doctor n.医生(第一册);monitor n班长(第二册);conductor n.售票员(第四册);mirror n镜子(第五册);castor n蓖麻(第六册);professor n教授(第六册)。 21、以f(e)结尾的名词复数 以f(e)结尾的名词,在中学课本里,出现了不少。其名词复数形式:有的直接在-f(e)后加s;有的要改-f(e)为ve再加-s;个别单词上述两种形式均可(如handkerchief→handkerchiefs或handkerchieves)。似乎不易记住这些规则,可只要记只下面这首顺口溜,相信你就不会觉得难了。 妻子持刀去宰狼, 小偷吓得发了慌; 躲在架后保己命, 半片树叶遮目光。 按:顺口溜中的黑体字是中学阶段学过的九个以上-f(s)结尾的名词:wife(妻子),knife(小刀),wolf(狼),thief(小偷),shelf(架子),self(自己),life(生命),half(一半),leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时,都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。由self构成的复合词,其变化与self相同(如myself→ourselves;yourself→yourselves;himelf,herself,itself→themselves)。
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