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therebe在句子中做什么成分
定义：英语中,There be陈述句句型，常表示某处（某地）存在有某人或某物。
结构句型：there be（are/is/ was /were）+主语+介词短语......
(1) there is+单数可数名词/ 不可数名词+地点短语......
There is a ruler on the desk.书桌上有一把尺。
(2) there are+复数名词+地点短语......
There are four apples on the tree.（长在树上）树上有四个苹果。
(3) there is+单数可数名词/ 不可数名词+V-ing+地点短语......
There is a bird singing in the tree.树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。
There is a baby sleeping in the room.房间里有一个宝宝正在睡觉。
(4) there are+复数名词+V-ing+地点短语......
There are some birds singing in the tree.树上有一些鸟正在唱歌。
There are two boys running on the street.街上有二个男孩正在奔跑。
注意：there是个引导词，在句子中不充当任何成分的。翻译时也不必译出。在句中，它处于主语的位置，起形式主语的作用。句子的真正主语是放在 b e后面的那个名词词组“某人或某物”。在there be 句型中，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词be要与靠它最近的名词的单复数保持一致，并且在肯定句中用“and”连接两个名词，否定名中用“or”连接。
例: There is a bird in the tree.树上有1只鸟。
There are always more than one hundred birds in the big tree every evening。 每天傍晚那棵大树上总会有100多只小鸟。
There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
There are many students and a teacher in our classroom.我们教室里有许多学生和一位老师。
There are two boys and a girl under the tree.树下有二个男孩，一个女孩。
一、There be句型的用法:
1)There与be中间可插入一些表示推测的情态动词、表示时态的短语和一些动词短语,以强调某种语气。
例如:There must be some flowers in the box. 盒子里肯定有些鲜花。
There happened to be some money in my pocket.我的口袋里碰巧有一些钱。
There will be a meeting this afternoon.注意:be不能换成have及have的变化形式。
2)There be句型常与过去时间状语连用,构成一些固定句型,用于故事发生的开头,交代故事发生的时间。
例如:Many years ago, there was such a beautiful girl called Caixia.很久以前有一个叫彩霞的美丽女孩。
3)There be句型可换成There come / go/live/stand/lie/seem to be/happen to be等,以引起注意,加强语气。
某些表示存在、发生、出现、坐落等意义的不及物动词也可以与there连用。如appear,seem,come,remain,exist,live,stand,lie,arise,enter,follow,occur,rise,grow,happen,belong,arrive,fly,flash,sail,pass,run,spring up,emerge 等。
例如:There comes the bus公共汽车来了。
There (seems to be) a knife and a fork on the table.
A. seems to be B. seem to be C. is seeming to be D. are
解析： 根据就近原则，首先排除B、D。只从A和C中选答案，而感官动词一般不用于进行时，故C也不正确。
4)There be句型或There加其他动词的句型,其动词的单复数,常采用就近一致的原则。
例如:There is a desk, two chairs and three benches in the room.
=There are two chairs, a desk and three benches in the room.
5)There be或There加其他动词的句型,其反意疑问句一律用…there挂。
例如:There is a cat in the garden, isn't there？
There used to be no house here, used there / did there？(过去这儿没有房子,是吗？)
二、使用There be句型时应注意:
1)There be句型中的be 有各种时态。 be可以有现在时（there is/are）、过去时（there was/were）、将来时（there is/are going to be或there will /shall be）、完成时（there have/has (never) been）、还有there must be\there can’t be\there used to be等。There+ 情态动词+ be表示“预见”“可能”“必然”或“过去习惯存在”。There shall be no more wars. 再也不会打仗了。
There ought to have been someone on duty all the time.本来应该有人全天值班。
There +半助动词（如：be going to, be certain to, be sure to, be likely to, have to be等 ）+be的结构。There is going to be a rain.要下雨了。
There is likely to be an interview.可能会有一场面试。
There has to be a mistake.必定有错。
There is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有个会议。--Yeah, Exciting news!
There was a knock at the door.有人敲门。
There has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。
There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。
2)动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后跟的主语名词（就近）保持一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be 的单复数形式。there is 后面接可数名词单数还有不可数名词，there are 后面接可数名词复数。
There be句型有数的变化：be的单复数取决于其后的主语。单数主语用is.复数主语全用are.如有并列主语时，be随第一主语变，即就近原则。
There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。
How many people are there in the city？这个城市里有多少人口？
There is a pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。
There are two books and a pen on the desk. 课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。
There are some students and a teacher in the classroom. 在教室里有一些学生和一位老师。
There is a teacher and some students in the classroom. 在教室里有一位老师和一些学生。
3)there be引到的句子结构中,用来修饰主语的不定式用主动形式和被动形式均可。
例如:There is no time to lose (= to be lost).时间紧迫。
There is nothing to see (=to be seen).看不见有什么。
4)There be句型的否定句和一般疑问句。记住下面的口诀:There be句型有特点,主语放在be后边。变否定,很简单,be后要把not添。变疑问,也不难,把be提到there前面；肯定句中有some, 否定/疑问中把any换。
(1). There is a book on the desk. (变否定句) →There is not / isn't a book on the desk.
(2). There are some chairs in the room. (变否定句) →There are not / aren't any chairs in the room.
(3). There are some boys over there. (变一般疑问句) →Are there any boys over there？
5)There be句型和have/has的区别:There be是存在‘有’，即某地有某物；表示某物（无生命的）、某人存在于某个地方。这是客观存在的东西。只强调空间上的存在，并不表示拥有某物。
have/has是人为‘有’，即某人（有生命的）有某物，表示某人或某物拥有某一样东西。它表示所有、拥有关系。
另外，there be结构中的be 用单复数应与最靠近它的名词的数保持一致。
例如:There is a book on the desk.书桌上有一本书。
I have a book. 我有一本书。（He has a book.她有一本书。）
二者有时也可以通用,表示"某物本身拥有……"。当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be句型可与其互换。当表示某物的组成部分时，二者可互换。
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.一个星期有7天。
The classroom has ten desks. = There are ten desks in the classroom. 教室里有十张桌子。
三、 【典型例题解析】
例1.(There’s) some rice in the big bags. A.There's B.Have C.Has D.There are
解析:there be 句型表示某地有某物,而have/has 是指某人或某物拥有,本题是指大袋里有一些米,而rice为不可数名词,故答案为A。
There isn’t any rice in the big bags. = There is no rice in the big bags.
例2、There is still ( )orange here, but( ) people want to drink it.
A.a little, little B. a little, few C. a little, a few D. a few, little
解析:根据题意orange为"橙汁"之意,故为不可数名词,应以little或a little修饰；people本身为复数名词,应该用few 或a few修饰,此题意为"没有几个人想喝橙汁",根据题意可知此题答案为B.
例3、 There aren't any ( 土豆 ) in the shop. 解析:前面为there are要用复数,potato也应该用其复数形式,即potatoes。
四、there be句型的各种转换
1.变成否定句（和含有be动词的其他句型一样，在be后面加上not（副词） 或no（形容词）即可。）注意：not a/an/any+n.=no+n. 强调一个都没有。 注意肯定句中有some时，变成否定句子时要将其改为any。
例：There are some pictures on the wall.--- There aren’t any pictures on the wall.= There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree.----There isn’t a bike behind the tree.= There is no bike behind the tree.
2. 变成一般疑问句（把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。注意肯定句中有some时，变化时将其改为any(否定变化时也一样的。)
There are some fish in the water.----Are there any fish in the water?
肯定回答：Yes, there is/are. 否定回答：No, there isn’t/aren’t.
3. 变成特殊疑问句,用there be句型来对部分成分提问.
例：There is a boy in the classroom.
（1.）对句中表示数量的部分“a” 提问的话，要用how many。
how many boys(注意many 后加可数名词复数）are there in the classroom?
对数量提问的一般有二种句型：
How many+复数可数名词+are there +介词短语?
How much+不可数名词+ is there +介词短语?
（2.）如果是对主语（a boy） 提问，那么要用who/what。
句型Who’s (there)+介词短语？
What’s (there)+表地点状语的介词短语？
who's in the classroom?=what's in the classroom?
There are five boys in the classroom.
复数的话,对five boys提问：who's in the classroom? = what's in the classroom?
还有一种情况是不可数名词， there is some water in the bottle.
对some 提问：用（how much因为水是不可数）how much water is there in the bottle? 对主语（some water）提问：what's in the bottle?
对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，要用 who引导。当主语是物的时候，则用 what引导。注意，无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be 的单数形式，都是用what's.提问。回答时却要根据实际情况来决定。
（3.） 如果是对地点状语（in the classroom） 提问，那么要用where引导。
Where is the boy? 或Where are the boys?
在简略回答对地点状语的特殊疑问句提问时，口语中可用：Here it（he/she） is.(单数情况，他在这儿呢。) Here they are.(复数情况，他们是在这儿呢。) 来指出某物是“在什么地方”。注意区别：Here you are. (给你。)
4. 变成反意疑问句（附加疑问句）的结构时，,用be (not) there?意即要用there来充当主语。而不用It 或They来充当。
There is some milk in the bottle, isn’t there?
五、含有there is的七个重要的特殊表达方式：
1There is no sense in doing 做某事是没有用的，没有意义的
There is no sense in making him angry.跟他生气是没有用的。
There in no sense in going alone.一个人去是没有好处的。
2 There is no use /good doing 做某事是没有用的，没有必要的
There is no use trying to explain it.解释是没有必要的。
There is no good/use going there.去那儿是没有好处的。
3.There is no need to do 没有必要做某事
There is no need to worry.
There is no need to give him so much money.
4. There’s no point in doing sth 句式。意为“做某事没有用”：
There’s no point (in) telling her about is. 告诉她没有用。
There’s no point in wasting time. 耗时间没用。
5. There’s no doubt… 结构。意为“毫无疑问…”：
There is no doubt of his success. 毫无疑问他一定会成功。
6. There is no hurry (to do sth) 句式。其意为“不用急(于做某事)”：
There’s no hurry to return the book. 现在不急于还书。
There’s no hurry, so do it slowly and carefully.不用赶时间要慢慢细心地做
7. There’s something wrong with… ?结构,表示某物出了什么毛病。
六、There be 的两种非限定形式，即there to be 和there being。称为非限定存在句，可以作主语、宾语、介词补足成分。
1当作主语时，一般是There being型，当句式中有for时，一般用there to be。如：There being a shop here is a great advantage.
There being a house with a garden is of great value.
It is impossible for there to be any more.
2 作动词的宾语时，一般用there to be 结构。常见动词有：expect, mean, intend ，want, prefer等,而动词anticipate(期望)后要用there being 结构。
The committee anticipated there being less debate in the second discussion.委员会期望在第二次讨论中争议能少一点。
We expect there to be no argument.我们希望不会出现争吵。
People don't want there to be anther war.人们不希望再有战争。
I’d prefer there to be more cooperation.我希望有更多的合作。
作介词的宾语一般用There being句式，但当是for时一般用there to be句式。
This depended on there being a sudden change. 这需要有一个突然的改变。
The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。
It was seldom for there to be no late comers.新来者很少没有迟到的。
3 作介词补足成分，介词是for时一般用there to be形式，介词不是for时，则用there being形式。
4 There being形式，还可以用作状语分句，形成独立主格结构。
There being no further discussion, the chairman stood up and left the meeting-room. 没有可讨论的了，主席站了起来，离开了会议室。
There having been no rain, the stream was dry.一直没有下雨，小溪都干涸了。
this is my book句子结构
This（主语） is( 谓语）a book（宾语）（从句中的先行词） which（引导词） tells about rocket technology（定语从句,修饰a book）
There is a book on the desk是什么意思
意思是桌子上有一本书，修饰的是书的所在方位,是方位壮语,而并非限定书本身.
不是桌子上的那本书
这是 there加不及物动词 加 主语结构
本句 is 是不及物动词 存在 的意思 不是系动词
There 是引导词 不作句子成分 is是谓语 a book是主语 on the desk是方位状语
there is a book on the desk复数句
a book 主语，谓语是Be动词啊， on the desk 是宾语，地点介词短语，there是地点代词
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