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英语动词不定式
动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中起的是名词。形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语。宾语。定语。状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法:
一。带to的不定式结构
1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come等。
2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如:
Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。
二。不带to的不定式结构
以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:
1.在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如:
You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。
It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。
2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来。
3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。
"Why not+不带to的不定式"是Why don't you do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如:
Why not go with us。为什么不和我们一起去呢。
Why not take a holiday。=Why don't you take a holiday。为什么不休个假呢。
三。动词不定式作主语
不定式结构作主语时,现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语,而把不定式结构后置的形式。参见本期本面《"小鬼it"它当家》中it作形式主语的用法。
四。动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。例如:
I have nothing to say on this question.对这个问题我无可奉告。
五。动词不定式作宾语
有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语,则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上,而将不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之前。例如:
I find it useful to learn English well.我发现学好英语很有用。
We thought it wrong not to tell her.我们认为不告诉她是错误的。
六。动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点,学习时要注意以下三种情况:
1.作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to不可以省略。例如:
He asked me to talk about English study.他请我谈谈英语学习。
2.作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。例如:
The teacher made him say the word like this.老师让他像这样说这个单词。
3.作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。例如:
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box。你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗。
七。动词不定式作状语
动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。
1.放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。例如: He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。
2.跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。例如:
I'm sorry to hear that.听到这事我感到很难过。
3.用在too... to...结构中。例如:
He is too young to understand all that.他太年轻了,不能理解这件事
英语中的动词不定式有哪些
不是有哪些，它的结构就是
to+动词原形
什么叫动词不定式短语
常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结
.固定用法(非谓语动词)：以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配
★希望做某事hope to do sth.
★决定做某事decide to do sth.
★同意做某事agree to do sth.
★需要某人做某事need to do sth.
★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth
★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do
★准备做某事get/be ready to do
★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth
★计划做某事plan to do sth.
★不得不have to do
★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth.
★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.
★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.
★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth
★想要某人做某事want /would like sb.to do sth.
★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. .
★喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.
★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do
★encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做
★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard.
★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了
例句:It’s time for me to go home.
★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……（当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of）
例句: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.
★ It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间
例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike.
2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night.
3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.
★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能
例: He was to angry to say a word.
★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是…
例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.
★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事
例句:Who is the first to get there?
★我不知/忘记了怎么办。I didn't know/forgot what to do.
★ 离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯
例句:Don’t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room
★ be+adj+to do sth
例句:1.I am very sorry to hear that.
2.I am ready to help others.
3.I am happy/pleased/glad to meet you.
顺口溜：本领最多不定式，主表定补宾和状；样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢；大家千万要小心，有时它把句型改；作主语时用it，自己在后把身藏；七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前加for sb.；to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。
以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法
★ let sb. do sth让某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事
★ hear do sth do sth听见某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看见某人做某事
★ why not 或why don’t you +动词原形？为什么不….?（表示建议）
例:Why not/Why don’t you take a walk?
★ 某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事
★ 情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原形（包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形）
★ 助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即don’t /doesn’t /didn’t /will not /would not+ 动词原形
★ be going to + 动词原形（表示“即将”“打算” 做某事）
常见动名词、分词的习惯用法总结
使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。如： 1.He is watching TV in the room.
2.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be结构中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面。如：Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball？
What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么样? I am interested in playing football.
5.在以下结构中
1. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事；
2. finish doing sth； 完成做某事；
3. feel like doing sth 想要做某事；
4. stop doing sth 停止做某事（原来的事）
5. forget doing sth 忘记做过某事；
6. go on doing sth 继续做某事（原来的事）；
7. remember doing sth 记得做过某事；
8. like doing sth 喜欢做某事；
9. find /see/hear/watch sb doing发现/看到/听到/观看某人做
10. try doing sth 试图做某事；
11. need doing sth 需要做某事；
12. prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事；
13. mind doing sth 介意做某事；
14. miss doing sth 错过做某事；
15. practice doing sth 练习做某事；
16. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事；
17. can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事；
18. waste time/money doing 浪费时间/金钱做…;
19. keep sb.doing 让…始终/一直做…
20. stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事
21. prefer doing B to doing B=like A better than A喜欢做A更喜欢做B
22. “do some +doing”短语
如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking
23．“go doing”短语去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）
如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打猎)
英语动词不定式的用法总结思维导图
动词不定式包括带to和不带to的不定式（do; to do）,它可用作主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语、状语、同位语。不定式复合短语有：for+宾语+不定式； of +宾语+不定式；关系代词+不定式； in order +不定式; so as +不定式; so... as +不定式; such...as +不定式; too...+不定式; too...for...+不定式
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