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九大状语从句的省略顺口溜
状语从句有九种,时地原因条件补,目的结果方让步,连词引导各不同。主句通常前面走,连词引从紧随后。从句若在主前头,主从之间有个逗。
一、时间状语从句
常用引导词:when(在…时),as(当…时),while(在…期间),as soon as(一……就……),before(在…之前),after(在...之后),since(自从...以来), not...until(直到…才)until/till(直到…时)等
二、地点状语从句
常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
无论你去哪里,你都应该努力工作。
三、原因状语从句
常用引导词:because, since, as,
特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
既然每个人都到了,让我们开始我们的会议吧。
四、目的状语从句
常用引导词:so that, in order that
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
五、结果状语从句
常用引导词:so…that, such…that, so that...
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
他很早起床以便赶上第一班公共汽车
六、条件状语从句
常用引导词:if, unless,whether(whether...or not)
如果总统同意,我们将开始我们的项目
七、让步状语从句
常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词:as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while (一般用在句首),no matter….
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他,但是我却不同意他的建议。
八、比较状语从句
常用引导词:as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the more…the more…(越来...越...)r.
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
她和她妈妈一样脾气很坏。
九、方式状语从句
常用引导词:as, as if
特殊引导词:the way
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入国问禁,入乡随俗。
初中宾语从句顺口溜
[宾语从句歌诀]
宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采.
展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关.
主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变.
陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连.
特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换.
三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意.
留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间.
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[歌诀解码]
一、三姊妹
宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:
1. 由that引导的宾语从句.如:
We knew (that)we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句.如:
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句.如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?
二、三关
1. 引导词关
如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词.
2. 语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序.如:
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序.如:
Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
3. 时态关
①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定.如:
I have heard(that)he will come back next week.
②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态.如:
He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.
注意:如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时.如:
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人称的变化和标点的使用
1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化.如:
“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定.主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号.如:
Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?
四、两副面孔
if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句.因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副.如:
If it rains tomorrow,I won’t come.(时间状语从句)
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (宾语从句)
五、从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式.如:
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构.如:
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构.如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?
三大从句
三大从句有:
1、名词性从句:在句子中起名词性作用,如主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句。
2、定语从句:在复合句中起定语作用,修饰名词或名词性短语等名词性结构。
3、状语从句:在复合句中起状语作用,一般由连接词引导,修饰动词、形容词或副词。
英语从句其作用其实就相当于一个单词名词性从句,相当于一个名词定语从句,相当于一个形容词状语从句,相当于一个副词根据从句在整个句子中所起的作用来判断是什么从句。
扩展资料:
从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,是一个特殊句子,就像一个句子一样,所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。
根据从句语法功能的不同可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;
定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句;
而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为副词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句和时间状语从句。
初中英语语法三大从句总结
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中主要有三大从句,即:
①名词性从句
包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。
②定语从句。
③状语从句
包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等。
主语从句用作主语,如:
That the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的是真实的。
宾语从句用作宾语。如:
Do you know where he lives?
表语从句用作表语,如:
My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如:
The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。(that从句用于解释说明the fact)
定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。如:
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.
状语从句相当于一个副词,如:
When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。(时间状语)
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