本文目录
倒装句情态动词的用法
倒装句
一、完全倒装,即将谓语移到主语前。英语中构成完全倒装的情形主要有:
1. 以 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等方向性副词开头的句子,且句子主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装。如:
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
Now comes your turn. 现在该你了。
Then came a new difficulty. 这时又产生了一个新的困难。
The door opened and in came Mr Li. 门开了,李先生进了来。
注:若主语为代词,则不用倒装。如:
The door opened and in she came. 门开了,她走了进来。
2. 将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首加以强调时,其后通常用倒装语序。如:
Among them was my friend Jim. 他们当中就有我的朋友吉姆。
Around the lake are some tall tree. 湖的四周有些高树。
注:在表语置于句首的倒装结构中,要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。
3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装
为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装:
Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装
有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装:
Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。
二、部分倒装,即将主语与助动词倒置,其结构与一般疑问句大致相同。英语中构成部分倒装的主要情形有:
1. 含否定意义的词(如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等)置于句首时,其后用部分倒装。如:
Never have I seen read such a book. 我从未读过那样的书。
Little do we know his life. 我们对他的生活了解得很少。
By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。
2. only 加状语(副词 / 介词短语 / 从句)放在句首时,其后用部分倒装。如:
Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好。
Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。
3. so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。如:
He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌,我也会。
He didn’t see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影,我也没有看。
She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美,她妈妈年轻时也很美。
4. 当虚拟条件句含有 were, should, had 时,可省略 if,将 were, should, had 置于句首。如:
Were I Tom(=If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆,我就会拒绝。
Had I realized that(=If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了这一点,我可能会采取某种行动(from ***)。
5. so...that 结构中,将 so+adj. / adv. 置于句首时,其后要用倒装语序。如:
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎没法想像它的速度。
三、常见倒装类型
1.as作“虽然”解,引导让步状语从句时,必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。此时应注意几点:一是若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词,要省略不定冠词;二是若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词),与之连用的通常是may, might, will, would等,且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后);三是though有时也可像as这样使作倒装。如:
Tired as I was, I tried to help them. 虽然我很累,我还是努力帮助他们。
2.在so... that…结构中,若将so+adj. / adv. 置于句首,则其后的主句要用部分倒装。如:
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。
3.so / neither / nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,其句型是:so / neither / nor+特殊词+主语。使句此句型需注意以下几点:①内容是肯定时,用so,内容是否定时,用neither或nor;②“特殊词”与前句中的情态动词、助动词或be相同,或根据前句的时态,用do, does, did;③“特殊词”的人称和数与其后的主语一致;④“特殊词”本身没有否定形式。如:
You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。
4.当“only+状语”位于句首时,其后习惯上要用部分倒装。其中,only后的状语可以是副词、介词短语、从句等。
Only in this way can we learn English. 只有这样才能学会英语。
Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那时我才明白她的意思。
Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. 他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。
注意,在only后作状语的是从句时,从句不要用倒装,要部分倒装的是主句。如:
Only when it rains do you feel cool. 只有下雨时才觉得凉爽一点。
5.not only…but also…前后连接两个句子时,not only后的句子要用部分倒装,但but also后的分句不用倒装。如:
Not only did he come, but he saw her. 他不仅来了,而且还见到了她。
6.按英语习惯,当never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, no, no sooner, by no means, under no circumstances等否定词置于句首时,其后要用部分倒装。如:
Never did I see him again. 后来我再也没见到过他了。
Little did I dream that the girl was my niece. 我做梦也没想到那女孩是我的侄女。
情态动词
1. 弄清基本语法特点
情态动词就是表示说话的语气或情态的动词。常见的情态动词有can, may, must, need, dare, shall, will, should, ought to, have to, used to, had better, would rather等。情态动词具有以下3个特点:
(1) 情态动词后面接动词原形并与动词原形一起构成谓语。
(2) 情态动词虽有时态的变化,但却没有人称和数的变化,即情态动词不会因为主语的人称或单复数的不同而用不同的形式。
(3) 变为疑问句或否定句时不需要助动词,而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问句,直接在情态动词后加not,构成否定句。
2. 弄清表示能力的can / could和be able to的用法
(1) can表示具有某种能力或技能,意为“能,会”。如:
Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题?
(2)can 的过去式为could,但它通常只表示过去一般性能力,不表示过去特定场合下的能力,遇此情况要用 was [were] able to。如:
I could run faster then. 我那时能跑得更快一些。
They were able to jump into the sea before the boat was blown up. 他们在船爆之前跳入海里。
3. 弄清表示许可的can / could / may / might / must的用法
can / could / may / might均可表示许可,只不过may较侧重讲话人的许可,而can较侧重客观情况的许可;could / might的语气比can / may更委婉、客气;在答语中表示允许别人做某事要can / may,不能用 could / might。如:
— Could [Can, May, Might] I use it? 我可以借用它吗?
— Yes, you can [may]. 可以。(不用 could / might)
must 表示必须作某事,其否定式mustn’t表示“不可以”。如:
We must not speak of it again. 我们再也不要谈这事了。
4. 弄清表推测的 can / may / could / might / should / must的用法
(1) 从所用句型来看:can用于否定句和疑问句,may用于肯定句和否定式,两者均可用于否定句,但是含义不同(cannot=不可能,may not=可能不);could, might 和 should 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句;must 表示推测通常只用于肯定句。如:
She can’t be in the office now. 她现在不可能在办公室。
She may not be free tonight. 她今晚可能没空。
He may [might] come tonight. 他今晚可能会来。
Might he know this? 他会知道这事吗?
(2) 从语气上看,can / may / could / might 的语气较不确定,尤其是might, could,其意很不肯定;should表示推测时,其语气比较肯定,它通常指非常可能的事,并暗示其推测有一定的事实依据或者合乎常理;must 表示推测的语气最肯定。注意有时高考也会对这种语气上的差异命题,如下面这道高考题:
“When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.” “They _________ be ready by 12:00.”
A. can B. should C. might D. need
在四个选项中,首先可排除A和D,因为它们通常不用肯定句中;而B和C均可用于肯定句表示推测,但根据句意:顾客下午要照片,此时店主显然应用语气较肯定的should,而不宜用语气很不肯定的 might,否则顾客是不会满意的。
5. 弄清shall 与 will 的用法
(1) shall 除用于第一人称表示单纯将来外,还可用于陈述句第二、三人称, 表示说话者的意图、警告、命令、决心等。如:
You shall have an answer by tomorrow. 到明天你可以得到答复。
He shall have a bicycle for his birthday. 他可以得到一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
(2) will 可以表示习惯和倾向性,意为“惯于, 老是, 终归是”如:
The door won’t open. 这门打不开。
Matches will not strike if they are damp. 火柴潮湿就擦不着。
(3) Shall I (we)…? 可用于征求意见等,Will you…?可用于表示请求或邀请等。如:
Shall I turn on the light? 要不要把灯打开?
Will you join us for dinner? 你可否和我们一道去吃晚饭?
6. 弄清must表示“偏偏”的用法
情态动词 must 有时可以表示固执、偏激或碰巧,通常可译为“偏偏”。如:
After I gave her my advice, she must go and do the opposite. 在我给她出主意之后她偏反着干。
The car must break down just we were starting our holidays. 我们刚刚开始休假,汽车偏偏坏了。
7. need和dare的用法要点
need和dare可用作实义动词和情态动词,用作实义动词时,后接动词要用不定式,有人称和数的变化,可用肯定句、否定句和疑问句;用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词要用动词原形。如:
You need not pay—it is free. 你不必付钱,这是免费的。
We need to have lots of patience. 我们需要有很大的耐心。
Who would dare to tell him? 谁会敢告诉他?
He dared not go there at night. 晚上他不敢到那里去。
How dare you ask me such a question? 你怎么敢问我这样的问题?
注:need 表示“需要”,其后可接动名词,且要用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The room needs cleaning. 这房间需要打扫了。
8. 弄清“情态动词+完成式”的用法
(1) must + have done:用于肯定句,表示推测,意为“一定(已经)……”。
(2) can + have done:用于否定句或疑问句,表示推测,意为“可能(已经)……”。
(3) could + have done:可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句,表示推测、责备或遗憾等,意为“可能……”“本来可以……”“本来应该……”等。
(4) should [ought to] + have done:可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句,表示责备或遗憾等,意为“本来应该……”。
(5) need + have done:用于否定句或疑问句,用于否定时意为“本来不必”,用于疑问句时意为“有必要……吗”。
(6) may + have done:用于肯定句或否定句,表示推测,意为“可能(已经)……”。
(7) might + have done:用于肯定句或否定句,表示推测,意为“可能(已经)……(此时 might 可换为 may);另外还可以表示过去可能发生的事结果未发生,意为“本来会……”(此时 might 不能换为 may)。
He can’t have left so soon. 他不可能走得这么早。
I should have thought of it. 我本应想到这一点的。
You needn’t have mentioned it. 你没有必要提及此事的。
You must have mistaken my intention. 你一定是误会了我的意图。
I might have come to a wrong conclusion. 我或许得出了错误的结论。
You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本可帮助我的,为什么只坐在一旁瞧着?
9. 弄清“情态动词+进行式”的用法
这类结构主要用于对一个正在进行的动作进行推测、责备、描述等。如:
He might be waiting for you. 他可能在等你(***)。
You should be wearing your sunglasses. 你应当戴着你的太阳镜。
He must be joking, or else he’s mad. 他一定在说笑话,要不就是疯了。
10. 弄清may [might] as well和may [might] well的用法
(1) may [might] as well可用来提出建议等,可译为“不妨”(用might时口气更委婉一些)。如:
Catherine, you may as well come too. 凯瑟琳,你不妨也去。
If that’s the case, I may as well try. 如果情况如此,我不妨试一试。
(2) may [might] well可表示比较有把握的推测,意为“很可能”。如:
You might well be right. 你很可能是对的。
P.S.以上知识点应该比较全了,如果太多例句可以删减O(∩_∩)O~~
关于倒装句的知识点总结
如果主语是名词,则全部倒装,但主语是代词,则部分
高中英语倒装句语法知识汇总
描述:
主语和谓语是句子的核心,它们之间有两种语序:一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序(Natural Order);二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(Inverted Order)。而倒装语序中又有全部倒装(Full Inversion)和部分倒装(Partial Inversion)两种情况。
首先,在全部倒装的句子中,要把整个谓语放在主语的前面去而构成倒装语序。
例如:
There are large numbers of students in the lecture hall.
(在There be…的句式中,There只是个引导词而不是主语,真正的主语是后面作表语的名词或者名词短语。因此,There be…的句式都是全部倒装的句子。)演讲厅里有大量的学生。
When he ran to the door, there stood a mid-aged man with a lantern in his hand .
(此句是为了"描述情节的需要",把倒装当着修辞的手段而写成了全部倒装句。句子的主语是a mid-aged man,谓语是stood 。)当他向房门跑去时,那儿正立着一位手里拿着一盏灯笼的中年男人。
另外,在部分倒装的句子中,只把谓语的一部分(如情态动词、助动词、或是系动词be)放到主语的前面去,构成倒装语序。例如:
Are you going to take part in the football match against Accounting Department on Friday afternoon? (句子的谓语是are going to take part,are是句子的谓语的一部分;句子的主语是you 。所以,此句是部分倒装的句子。疑问句都是部分倒装句。)你打算去参加星期五与会计系进行的足球赛吗?
Hardly could he finish his test paper when the school bell rang .(由于语法要求的原因,本句写成了部分倒装的句子。它的自然语序应该是:When the bell rang, he could hardly finish his test paper.)他还未做完试卷,下课铃就响了。
了解了倒装语序的构成情况后,我们再来看看倒装语序在各种不同类句子中的使用情况:
A. 在疑问句中
各种疑问句一般地说都是倒装语序。例如:
Will they come to see us this weekend ? 这个周末他们将来看我们吗?
Are you talking about the film you saw last Monday ?
你们是在谈论你们上周一看的那部电影吗?
Can you speak another foreign language except English?
除开英语,你还能说另一种外语吗?
Where did you buy the dictionary, in the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?
你在哪儿买的这本词典,是在附近的书店还是在新华书店?
She is not a student, isn't she ? 她不是个学生,对吗?
B. 在感叹句中
某些感叹句也用倒装语序。例如:
Isn't it a beautiful garden ! 多么美丽的花园啊!
What a beautiful garden it is ! 多么美丽的花园啊!(在这种句式中,主语在谓语之前,属于自然语序。对于主语和谓语而言,语序没有倒装。)
Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him !
你见过那个孩子像他这么调皮!
C. 在陈述句中
陈述句在一般情况下用自然语序;但由于英语语法的某些原因,陈述句也要使用倒装语序。这些原因大致可以归纳如下:
1) 为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复,常用"so + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"或"neither / nor + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同", 第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同"。例如:
His brother is a college student; so is mine.
他弟弟是大学生,我弟弟也是。
His brother is not a college student; nor is mine .
他弟弟不是大学生,我弟弟也不是。
He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.
他曾去国外深造过,我也去过。
He didn't use to have his further study abroad; neither did I.
他没去国外深造过,我也没有。
One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.
我的一个朋友会说三门外国语,他的妻子也会。
One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .我的一个朋友不会说三门外国语,他的妻子也不会。
They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we .
他们正在为期末考试作准备,我们也一样。
They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .
他们没在为期末考试作准备,我们也没有。
2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外),句子一般要写成部分倒装句。这类词或短语常见的有:not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如:
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .
她还没来得及坐下来,就听见有人敲门。
Not until twelve o'clock did he go to bed last night .
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .
我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。
No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我从新西兰一回国,就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。
So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.
就我所知,玛利几乎很难回来看她妈妈。
Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定词修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。) 去年秋天,这儿几乎没下一滴雨。
3)当so, often, only等表示程度、频率的副词放在句首时,句子一般要倒装。例如:
Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
只有这样,你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。
So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.
形势如此地严峻,每个人都面临着一场考验。
So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last. 他太操劳过度以致最后病倒了。
4)当there, here, then, now等副词在句首,且谓语是come, go, be等动词时,句子一般要全部倒装。其意义在于引起他人的注意。如果这类句子的主语是代词,则不用写成倒装句。例如:
Now, here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。
Look, there comes the taxi.瞧,出租车过来了。
Then came another question.然后又一个问题提出来了。
Then followed the four-year War of Liberation.接下来是四年的解放战争。
5) 当out, in, away, up, bang等表示方位或拟声词放在句首时,句子一般要全部倒装。这类子比自然语序的句子更为生动、形象。但如果这类句子的主语是代词,则不用写成倒装句。例如:
Bang goes my ace.我砰地一下打出了"A"。(扑克牌中的点数)
Away flew the bird.那鸟飞走了。
Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face.
突然进来一个蒙着面具的人。
6) 其他情况还有:省略了if的虚拟条件句、某些表示祝愿的句子、以及某些让步状语从句,等等也要用倒装句式。例如:(省略了if的虚拟条件句)
Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.
如果没有他们的帮助,我们不可能把那件事办的如此成功。
Should he come, say "Nobody in" to him.
万一他来了,对他说:"公司没人。"(某些表示祝愿的句子)
May our friendship last forever.愿我们的友谊常存!
May your company become prosperous.祝贵公司生意兴隆!(某些让步状语从句)
Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.无论我使多大的劲,我也无法搬起那块石头。
They said they would follow the Party's lead come what might.
他们说无论发生什么情况,他们都会跟党走的。
7) 由于修辞或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒装句;也可以不用。这不是一条必须的规定。
Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated .
这家饭店隔壁还有一家装修华丽的大饭店。
On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings.
这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多综合楼。(这类句子也可以不用倒装句。)
"I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow," said Tom to his mother (OR: Tom said to his mother) .汤姆对他妈妈说:"我明天动身去北京。"
Many block buildings stood on either side of the great avenue.
许多综合楼耸立在这条大街的两侧。
Another grand hotel, which is beautifully decorated, is next to this one .
这家饭店隔壁还有一家大饭店,那家饭店装修十分华丽。
“倒装句”在汉英词典中的解释(来源:百度词典):
1.[Grammar] an inverted sentence; a sentence in inverted order
倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有:
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
倒装句
一.概念:
英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓误在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序
二.相关知识点精讲
按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语( 或谓语一部分)+主语”,就是倒装。倒装句分为:
完全倒装: 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装 。
部分倒装: 只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装 。
三、作用
通常是希望强调句中的某一部分
1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子,为了起到强调的作用,可构成倒装句,只把副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置调换,不加助动词。
Our teacher came in.
In came our teacher.
这种倒装要求:主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不变。
Here it is.
Away he went.
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boys.
2. how, then, just, often 表示时间的副词放在句首,可构成倒装句,只把副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置调换,不加助动词。
Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.
3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首,要用倒装句式,以示强调。
这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置,不加助动词did, does或do.
Under a big tree ________, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man
4. there放在句首时,要用倒装句式。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如:live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
In front of the tower flews a stream.
5. so + 动词+主语
neither/ nor + 动词+主语
表示两人的同样一个情况时,只能表示一件事,即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。
否则要用so it is with…
You can ride a bike. So can I .
He has been to Beijing. So have I .
The first one isn’t good, neither is the second.
His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.
6. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示,也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下: so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。
Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.
7. done做形容词在句中做表语时,常把表语放在句首,要用倒装句式。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
8. 否定副词not , never, seldom, nowhere, little , rarely 放于句首时要用倒装句式。
We seldom get up at four in the morning.
= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.
Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.
Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.
9. hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than… 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when… did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when… did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。
The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.
10. not only… but also 如连接两个成分时,不用倒装;连接句子时, 前面的句子要用倒装。
Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.
Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.
11. only 及所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,要用:
only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他
Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
12. 虚拟语气中的倒装句
If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.
高中英语语法倒装句知识点总结
我建议翻五年高考三年模拟,这边总结肯定不全面的。希望能帮到你
以上就是关于倒装句知识点总结框架 ,倒装句情态动词的用法的全部内容,以及倒装句知识点总结框架 的相关内容,希望能够帮到您。