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英语主谓一致语法总结
主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致，句子的主语是第三人称单数时，其谓语需用单数形式；主语是复数时，则谓语动词用其复数形式。一、主谓一致的三原则 英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，当发生冲突时，意义一致原则则为优先考虑的原则。1、语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。例：Mr. Black is a well-know scientist on AIDS.布莱克先生是著名的艾滋病科学家。These books are intended for children under nine years old.这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。2、意义一致原则 所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以主语表达的单、复数概念而定的。例：Three moths has passed since you left.(three months表示单数概念。）自你走后已有三个月了The professor and writer is invited to many universities to deliver lectures.(教授与作家是同一个人，是单数。）这位教授兼作家被邀请到很多大学作报告。The old are very well taken care of in our city.(the old是指所有老年人，指一类人，是复数概念。）老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。3、就近原则 就近原则是指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。例：Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.(根据靠近谓语的主语he而定。）他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home.(根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定。）不是杰克二十他父母应为这个家庭事故负责。
二、单一主语的情况 单一主语指的是由一个中心名词或名词短语构成的主语。其主语与谓语一致情况如下。1、不定代词作主语⑴不定代词作主语 不定代词either，neither，each，one，the other，another，someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，everyone，everybody ，everything，nothing，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。例：Someone has parked the car in the way.有人把车停在了路上，挡住了去路。注意：none作主语时如果指人或可数的物，指数目，谓语动词单复数形式皆可；如果指不可数指量，谓语动词用单数。例：None of the students has\have made mistakes this time.这次没有一个学生犯错误。Jimmy has used up all the money.None is left.吉米把所有的钱都用光了，一点没留。⑵neither\either of…作主语 neither\either of+复数名词或复数形式的代词，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。例：Either of the two stories is \ are interesting.这两个故事都很有趣。Neither of us has \ have received postcards this Christmas.今年圣诞节我们两人谁也没收到贺卡。⑶the other two(…）等短语作主语 the other two(…），the other three(…），another two(…），both等作主语，谓语动词用复数。例：I keep only one apple for myself，and the other two are yours.我只留了一个苹果，另外两个给你。Five people come to help，but anther three were still needed.已经有五个人来帮忙了，但我们还需要另外三个。I'm very delighted that both are what we need.我们很高兴两个都是我们所需要的。⑷all作主语指人时，谓语动词用富士，指物时常用单数。例：All are present besides the professor.所有的人都出席了，包括All is going on very well.一切顺利。⑸each修饰的名词作主语 由each修饰的名词作主语，each谓语复数主语后或主语前，不影响谓语动词的数例：Each student has a walkman which helps them improve their listening.每个学生都有一个单放机，这对提高他们的听力大有帮助。⑹such作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式应根据其意义而定。2、集合名词作主语⑴谓语动词只能用复数的情况 有些集体名词，如people，cattle，police等形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词需用复数。⑵谓语动词单复数皆可的情况 集合名词，如audience（观众），army，class，crew（船员）等作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数；若着眼于组成该集体的一个个成员或个体时，谓语就该用复数。⑶表示国家、民族的名词作主语的情况 有些以-sh，-ese，-ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数含义，谓语动词用复数。3、以复数形式结尾的特殊名词作主语⑴以-ics结尾的学科名称名词作主语 以-ics结尾的标识机学科名称的名词作主语时，谓语用单数。例：Mathematics is the science of numbers.数学史关于数字的学科。注意： 以-ics结尾是表示学科名称的名词作主语时，若改变词义表示学可能力士，则用复数形式。例：Her mathematics are weak.他的数学能力很差。⑵形式上是复数形式的专有名词作主语 专有名词如国名、任命、书名、组织机构等作主语时，形式上即使是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。⑶以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语 以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。⑷以复数形式结尾的其他名词作主语①谓语动词只能用复数形式 此类名词有：savings储蓄belongings财产、所有物、相关事物earnings所得，收入thanks 感激goods货物leavings剩余、残渣clothes衣服②单复数同形的名词作主语 下面这些名词作主语时，谓语动词根据其单复数而定：means方法、手段works工厂sheep鹿crossroads十字路口4、含有修饰语的名词作主语⑴含有量词的名词作主语①量词修饰由对应两个部分组成的名词一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers，pants，glasses，scissors等作主语，前面若无a pair of，a suit of，a set of ，a series of等这类的单位词时，通常作复数用。若带有单位词，则由单位词的复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。②特殊量词修饰普通名词含有像pile（堆），mountain(如山一样），row(排），mass(很多），cup，basket， box，等修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定⑵a group of和a couple of修饰复数名词 此时谓语动词用复数形式。⑶a number of，意为“许多”，修饰可数名词复数时谓语动词一般也用复数：the number of意思为“……的数目”，作主语时，谓语只用单数。⑷several等词作主语或修饰名词作主语 只修饰可数名词的量词several，a few，quite a few，a great many（of…）作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式；其修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词也应用复数形式。⑸some等词作主语或其修饰的名词作主语注意： a quantity (of)，(large)quantities(of)作主语或修饰的名词作主语时，其谓语动词根据quantities的单复数形式而定。 some，plenty of，a lot(of)，lots(of)等词即可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，其谓语的形式应根据其所修饰的词而定。⑹修饰不可数名词的量词作主语胡修饰名词作主语 a great\good deal(of)，a little，quite a little，a large amout(of)等修饰不可数名词的量词作主语时，其谓语动词只用单数形式。⑺more（…）than one修饰的名词作主语 “more than one+单数名词”尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，谓语也需用单数以符合语法上一致的原则。在“more+复数名词than one"结构之后，谓语常用复数。注意： more than one hundred指代复数作主语或修饰的可数名词复数作主语is，谓语动词用复数形式。⑻many a修饰的名词作主语 ”many a+单数名词“作主语，尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，谓语也需用单数以符合语法上一致的原则。⑼one or two，a…or two修饰的名词作主语 one or two后接复数名词，谓语要用复数。但在”a\an+单数名词+or two"结构之后，谓语却常用单数⑽the rest(of…）等作主语 当the rest(of…)，the remaining，part（of…）等词或短语作主语时，或他们所修饰的名词或代词作主语时，其谓语动词应根据所表达的名词的单复数而定。
A group of children ______ hide and seek in the garden. A．is playing B．are playing C．has b
| B |
| 考查时态及主谓一致。句意：一群孩子们正在花园玩捉迷藏。结合语境可知描述的是现在正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时态，主语为复数形式，故谓语动词用复数形式。选B。 |
a group of做主语,谓语动词用单数还是复数
用单数
但是要是the students of this group做主语的话,谓语动词就要用复数,
主谓一致的判断取决于做主语的名词或代词,像这种,就要看中心词,this group of students中心词就是group,要是the students of this group的中心词就是the students
希望楼主能明白.
主谓一致视频讲解
主 谓 一 致 的 三 个 原 则
A 语法一致
语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式.
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me.
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.
B 意义一致
意义一致是说谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记.
1.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数.
The majority of primary school teachers are women.
2.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数.
No news is good news.
Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities.
C 就近原则
就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致.
There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining-room.
Either your students or William knows this.
提 示
一般说来,究竟何时采用何种原则,应视英语习惯用法而定.但在实际使用中,如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时,遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法.
并列主语的主谓一致
A 由and连接的并列主语
1.用and (或both...and) 连接并列主语时,谓语动词通常用复数.
A hammer and a saw are useful tools.
★当and连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西,或表示同一个人或一种概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式.
The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.
必 背
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有:
iron and steel__ 钢铁
a needle and thread 针线
aim and end__ 目的
going to bed early and getting up early 早睡早起
a watch and chain__ 一块带链的表
a cart and horse 一辆马车
a coat and tie__ 配有领带的上衣
bread and butter__ 黄油面包
law and order__ 治安
a knife and fork__ 刀叉
2.一个名词为几个并列形容词所修饰时,这时主语和谓语动词的一致关系一般遵循语法一致的原则.
Clever and slow students are treated alike.
A black and white kitten was found in the garden yesterday.
比 较
A black and a white dogs are playing in the yard.
A black and white dog is playing in the yard.
3.在each...and each..., every...and every..., no...and no...等结构之后,谓语动词用单数形式.
Each boy and each girl has an apple.
Every hour and every minute is precious.
No bird and no beast is seen on the lonely island.
4.带有并列动词的what从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定动词的数.
What he says and does do not agree.
What he says and does does not concern me.
5.在某些成语中,一些并列主语用and相连时,其后谓语用单数.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
B 某些词组采取就近原则
以or, either...or, neither...nor, not...but, not only...but also等连接的名词(代词)作并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则.
Neither he nor I am willing to go shopping today.
Not the students but their teacher is invited to the party.
-Are either you or he to go there __ 是你还是他将去那里
-Neither is.______
C 谓语动词的数不受某些词组影响
主语后跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, together with, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单,复数按主语的单,复数而定.
The manager, rather than the workers, is responsible for the loss.
Nobody but three policemen was on the spot.
单一主语的主谓一致
A 形复意单的名词作主语
形复意单的名词作主语(即形式为复数,意义为单数),按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数.
1.许多学科名称,如mathematics, physics, economics, politics,以及news等名词作主语时,动词用单数.
News is traveling fast nowadays.
2.用作国名,组织机构,书名,报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待,谓语用单数.
The Times reports the news of the strike.
Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860.
点 津 坊
如果山脉,群岛,瀑布等名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数.
The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada.
五大湖在美国和加拿大两国之间.
The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China. 菲律宾群岛在中国东南太平洋西部.
The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River.
尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上.
3.一些形复意单的名词,包括有成双成套部分的衣物或工具名称,作主语时,谓语用复数.
My blue trousers have been worn out.
His glasses are new.
提 示
这些名词如用a pair of修饰时,谓语动词用单数.
The shoes are under the bed. 鞋在床下.
The pair of shoes is under the bed. 这双鞋在床下.
4.单,复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数;用作复数意义时,谓语有复数.这类名词有:sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等.
The (This) glass works was set up in 1986.
This species of rose is very rare.
比 较
当这类名词前有a, such a, this, that, every修饰时,谓语用单数;有all, such, these, those修饰时,谓语用复数.
Every means has been tried out without much result.
All means have been tried out without much result.
B 集合名词作主语
集合名词表示有若干个体组成的集合体,如army, audience, class, club, company, crowd, government, group, party, population, team, union等.
1.集合名词作主语时,若表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数,若表示构成该集合体的成员,则谓语动词用复数.
His family are waiting for him.
But the man's family was small - only himself and his wife.
2.有些集合名词,如cattle, folk, people, police, youth等,作主语时,谓语动词用复数,即所谓的"形单意复".
The police have caught the thief.
The cattle are grazing in the field.
3.有些无生命(表示物)的集合名词作主语,谓语用单数.
All the furniture in my room is new.
Has your luggage arrived yet
A lot of hiking equipment is needed here.
C 代词作主语
1.名词性物主代词作主语时,既可以用作单数,也可以用作复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数.
Ours is a great country.
Your shoes are black, and mine are brown.
2.such, the same等指示代词作主语时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单,复数.
Such are her wishes.
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.
3.关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致.
Those who want to go for a picnic please put up your hands.
点 津 坊
在"one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which"引导的定语从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式.但当one之前有the, the only等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式.
She is the only one of the girls who sings best.
4.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单,复数.
Who lives upstairs It is Xiao Wang.
Who live next door It is Li and Zhang.
5.不定代词作主语时,有以下两种情况:
①some, all, any, none, more, most等词可以指复数名词和不可数名词,它们作主语时,视其文中的意义,判断动词用单数还是复数的形式.
None are so good as those who are always ready to help others.
None is so good as he.
提 示
在口语中,"none of + 复数名词"作主语,谓语动词用单数或复数均可,要以说话人所想的而定.
None of the telephones works/work.
②some, all, any, none, more, most等词接of时,若of的宾语为不可数名词,动词用单数形式;若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时,动词用复数形式.
Most of the colour blind people are men.
Most of his spare time was spent in reading.
D 数词,量词作主语
1.数词作主语,不论指人还是指物,谓语通常用复数.
About twenty know the secret.大约二十人知道这个秘密.
Six are missing. 丢了六个.
2."more than one + 单数名词"结构作主语,尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词用单数形式.但"more +复数名词+than one"结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.
More than one person has known the news.
More students than one are for your proposal.
3.one out of ten 或one in ten结构作主语,谓语动词应按照语法一致的原则,用单数.
One out of ten was badly injured in the accident.
4."a + 单数名词 + or two"结构作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.但"one or two + 复数名词"结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式.
A word or two is missing here.
One or two friends are coming for dinner this evening.
5."many a + 单数名词"结构作主语,谓语动词需用单数形式.
Many a passenger was killed in the accident.
Many a boy has been to the castle.
6."one and a half + 复数名词"结构作主语,谓语动词需用单数形式.
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
One and a half years has passed.
7."分数或百分数 + of + 名词"结构作主语,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致.
Three-fourths of its surface of the earth is sea.
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
8.用plus/and表示"加",用minus表示"减",和用times表示"乘"时,动词多用单数,但也可用复数.
Two and two is/are four.
Ten times five is/are fifty.
点 津 坊
用from表示"被减",multiplied by表示"被乘"或divided by表示"被除",其谓语动词用单数.
8 from 10 leaves 2.__ 10减8等于2.
25 divided by 5 equals 5.__
9.时间,价格,距离等作为整体看待时,谓语动词用单数形式.
Fifty kilometers is a long distance.
Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.
点 津 坊
若强调这类结构的复数意义,谓语动词也可用复数形式.
Six years have passed since my father left home.
The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours.
10."a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a heap of, a mass of, half of +名词"构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为of后面的名词是中心词,而of前面的量词是修饰语.
Lots of damage was caused by fire.
Lots of goods were sent there by air.
Half of the oranges are bad.
Half of the food is unfit to eat.
11.在"a number / total of + 名词复数"结构中,中心词是名词,谓语动词用复数形式.但在"the number / total of + 名词复数"结构中,中心词却是number或total,故谓语动词用单数形式
A number of students are playing basketball on the playground.
The number of pages in this book is 900.
12.在"a great deal of / a large amount of + 不可数名词"结构作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数.但"large amounts of + 不可数名词"结构作主语,谓语动词通常用复数.
A large amount of money is spent on the project.
Large amounts of money were spent on the free way.
13."the rest of + 可数名词或不可数名词"结构作主语,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致.
The rest of the students are watering trees.
The rest of the wine has gone bad.
其他情况的主谓一致
A 名词性从句和非谓语动词作主语
1.不定式短语,动词-ing形式和名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.
Doing experiments is a good way to find out answers to questions.
That I shall work with you is a great pleasure.
点 津 坊
what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容如果是复数意义时,谓语动词可用复数形式.
What we want is more time.
What they need in that area are doctors and nurses.
What she left him are some old photos.
B 名词化的形容词作主语
名词化的形容词指的是"the + 形容词"结构,如:the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the wounded, the injured, the unemployed, the dying, the living等.当这种结构作主语,表示一类人时,谓语动词常用复数形式;但也有少数的形容词与定冠词连用指个别的或表示抽象的概念时,谓语动词用单数.
The young are more active than the old in the work.
The beautiful is loved by all.
必 背
下列词属于表示抽象的概念,谓语动词需用单数.
the evil__ 恶 the ugly__ 丑 the latest_ 最新情况
the unknown_ 未知的事 the rough 难处理的事
the worst_ 最坏的事 the foreign_ 外国的事情
the unreal_ 不真实的事 the lovely 漂亮的东西
the mystical 神秘的东西
C_ 倒装句
倒装句的谓语动词的单复数应根据主语而定.
On the wall were several famous paintings.
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